Effects of Alcohol Abuse on College Students Essay

Betty Gabriel Mr. Scott English 1301-16 12 November 2009 Alcohol and College Students: What are the Effects? College is a time in one’s life to start over, to start off on a clean slate. It is also time for a person to prepare for their future. Most importantly, college is time for people to achieve an education, while furthermore working on who they are and who they want to be. However, when people hear about college experiences, they are mostly focused around wild parties, drugs, and alcohol: the makings of a â€Å"good time†. Most of the time, all people hear and talk about is how much alcohol they drank the night before and how â€Å"awesome† it was, but what are some of the effects that result from the road of alcohol? Since†¦show more content†¦Most importantly, alcohol abuse can have damaging effects on the brain. Is one night worth it? Think of this statistic: one night of heavy drinking can impair your ability to think abstractly for up to 30 da ys (Facts on Tap, 1). That is around a month of time taken away from your life just because of one night. In addition to that statistic, an organization called the Core Institute states â€Å"that an estimated 300,000 of today’s college students will eventually die of alcohol-related causes such as drunk driving accidents, liver damage, various cancers, and heart disease† (Facts on Tap, 1). However, the person consuming alcohol is not the only one who suffers, but the others around them suffer as well. An estimation of â€Å"one-fifth of college students abstain from all alcohol use† (The University of Portland, 2). According to the Harvard School of Public Health’s College Alcohol Study, â€Å"over three-quarters of students who live in campus housing report experiencing one or more effects of alcohol† (Secondary Effects of Alcohol Abuse, 1). Students had been interrupted during their study time or sleep, had to take care of fellow drunken student , had claimed to be insulted, and had been injured; additionally, some college students suffered property damage, had been assaulted, and experienced sexual assault or rape (Alcohol and Drug Abuse on College Campuses, 2). What about the community that the college is located in? Alcohol use and abuse in colleges can andShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse And Binge Drinking Essay1206 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Substance Abuse and Binge Drinking in Bryan College Station Substance abuse is a major problem that takes place on college campuses across the nation in today’s society. According to The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse half of all full-time college students binge drink, abuse prescription drugs and/ or abuse illegal drugs. This amounts to 3.8 million students. 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Although people have a good time at parties and such, Alcohol abuse poses a negative effect on our college experience in many different way. During college, men and women are highly exposed to Alcohol use. According to a study from the Center for the Study of Collegiate Mental Health at Penn State University (2009), there is a clear linkage between Alcohol abuse and academic performance. From theirRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol Abuse And Binge Drinking1523 Words   |  7 Pages College students will always encounter some type of â€Å"problem† during their college experience. A problem can be something simple such as a lack of adequate parking or more complex such as sexual harassment. â€Å"A new report from Student Monitor asked college students to identify the biggest problems on campus, and their top three answers were cost of education, stress, and alcohol abuse,† (Jacobs, 2014, p.1). College students will be affected by a number of problems during their college career. 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There have been many historical phases throughout time and...

There have been many historical phases throughout time and each one of them has been important in shaping the way society lives today. During the seventeenth century, Europe struggled between absolutism, which consisted of one absolute monarch, and constitutionalism, which gave decision making to a group of people. Also during the earlier 1600s, scientific method began to flourish, changing the way people thought forever. These three examples are only a few of the many events that have occurred throughout the centuries, but they have significantly altered the modern day way of life. During the reign of King Louis XIV, which spanned from 1643 to 1715, absolutism thrived in France. Louis XIV was a strong supporter in divine right,†¦show more content†¦He felt that the absolute monarch would provide ultimate security for the people because this leader was chosen by God himself to represent Him on earth. Absolutism may have worked in France but the people of England were de termined to have a more Constitutional way of life. It wasn’t until 1689 that England began to take major steps towards constitutionalism with the signing of the English Bill of Rights. This bill clearly outlined the rights of Parliament and set limitations on the authority of the king. With these rights came freedom of speech, voting for positions and the right to appeal the king’s decision if Parliament felt it was necessary. A tremendous supporter of constitutionalism was John Locke, an English philosopher. In 1689, Locke published Second Treatise of Civil Government, in which he stated that all citizens had the right to protect their life, liberty and property from one another. He also stated that although people needed a sovereign leader, this ruler should not be absolute and did not have the right to breach the rights of the citizens. 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A Psychoanalytical Approach to the Awakening Free Essays

The psychoanalytic approach understands us from the point of view of our unconscious and early childhood experiences. The approach is based on Freud’s belief that that there is a structure of the mind that includes the id, the superego and the ego. The plot of The Awakening, revolves around Edna Pontellier and the awakening of her unconscious sexuality, the need for love and her desire of independence. We will write a custom essay sample on A Psychoanalytical Approach to the Awakening or any similar topic only for you Order Now Edna and her family go to a resort to spend their summer. Edna’s husband, Leonce, adores his wife but considers her to be neglectful as a wife and a mother. â€Å"He reproached his wife with her inattention, her habitual neglect of the children. † (Chopin, 2005, Chapter 3, para. 6). At the resort she meets Robert, the owner’s son, and realizes that she can no longer pretend that she is happy with her husband and her children. This unconscious realization is triggered by the sight of the ocean one day. The sight made Edna think of simpler times when she believed that she could attain anything. Edna reminisced how about how looking at the ocean reminded her of when she was a teenager and would walk through a meadow that â€Å"seemed as big as the ocean,† (Chopin, 2005, Chapter 7, para. 15). She confided in Madam Ratignolle that â€Å"sometimes I feel this summer as if I were walking through the green meadow again; idly, aimlessly, unthinking and unguided. † (Chopin, 2005, Chapter 7, para. 20) I believe this was her first unconscious realization that she missed not having the responsibilities of being a wife and a mother. Later in the story, the sea becomes a symbol of empowerment. â€Å"As she swam she seemed to be reaching out for the unlimited in which to lose herself. † (Chopin, 205, Chapter 10, para. 10). It was after learning to swim that Edna began to stand up for herself, such as she did when Leonce demanded that she go into the house that evening and she refused. She recalled that in the past she had always succumbed to his demands without a thought. This was no longer the case with her. Finally, Edna chose to end her life in the ocean. The thought of not being able to have Robert had pushed her to the edge. She also could not bear the thought of forgetting about Robert in the same way that she had forgotten the gentleman that she had crossed the meadow for so many years ago. As she swam out into the water, she was â€Å"thinking of the blue-grass meadow that she had traversed when a little child, believing that it had no beginning and no end. † (Chopin, 2005, Chapter 39, para. 28) References Chopin, K. (2005). The Awakening. Vitalsource Digital Version. Raleigh, NC: Hayes Barton Press. How to cite A Psychoanalytical Approach to the Awakening, Papers

Financial Portfolio Management and Programming Model †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Financial Portfolio Management and Programming Model. Answer: Introduction: The major principle of diversification that is followed by investors is the concept of reducing risk from investment by investing in different stocks that have inverse correlation. This relevant Principle of diversification mainly indicates that the portfolio needs to have different sorts of assets data is inversely correlated, as it helps in reducing the unsystematic risk. Therefore, with the help of the diversification principle unsystematic risk in the portfolio is reduced which help in ensuring the delivery of forecasted returns. Hence, it could be understood that diversification mainly allows the investors to reduce the overall risk from the portfolio, while generating higher returns (Bodie, 2013). Principle of risk return trade off also states that potential returns relatively increases with rise in risk factor. Moreover the principal also indicates that low level of risk mainly reduces the return that is provided from an investment, while higher risk of investment increases the returns.Therefore, it is advisable for investors to use high end risky investment option for generating higher Returns from investment. The combination of diversification and risk return trade off could eventually allow the investor to design an adequate portfolio, which will have lower risk while providing high returns. There are used consequences for international diversification that is conducted by investors in the portfolio, as in current era maximum of the indexes all around the world are positively correlated. this could be witnessed during the financial crisis of 2008, where all the major and minor markets around the world was declining due to the financial crisis America. the diversification process mainly needs an inversely correlated Investments, which can be conducted by reducing the risk of investment. Therefore, currently there are no International indices, which could be used for diversifying the assets with international diversification (Statman, 2014). Therefore, it could be stated that with the help of adequate diversification and risk and return period of measures investors are able to identify the relevant portfolio which could provide higher Returns.This element diversification method mainly reduces the risk of the portfolio that could be generated from volatile capital market. For instance, Michalski (2013) depicted that during the financial crisis of 2008 some handful of short sellers were able to generate wealth, while others were losing money due to the diversified portfolio. Currently, Investors with the help of diversification are able to shape the portfolio adequately, which might India the turbulence in the capital market. Hence, with the help of diversification method investors are able to generate higher returns while reducing the total risk. Explaining the two passive equity investment strategies and describing how they are different: Passive investment strategies are mainly identified as investment strategy, which teams in maximizing the returns by reducing costing fees. The passive investment strategy such as buy hold and indexing investment strategy are directly used by investors to generate higher return from investment. Both the relevant investment strategies are mainly termed to be passive in nature, which might help in generating adequate return from investment. Buy and hold strategy is mainly conducted by investors, while holding or buying the stock for a long period with the relevant goal that stock value gradually increases in time. The strategies mainly depict that investment in financial market for long run could directly help in increasing the overall value of the investment and generate higher returns. In the same instance the overall indexing investment strategy also provide relevant path for investors to generate higher return by investing in index fund. The indexing strategy mainly states the adj ustment, where the portfolio needs to provide relevant return as per the index (Cosio, Estrada, Kritzman, 2015). The major difference between buy hold and indexing investment strategy is level investment type and nature. The buy hold investment strategy mainly focuses in hooding the stock, as it will increase in value over time. However, the Indexing investment strategy directly changes the overall weight of the portfolio according to the returns provided by the index. This relevant change in weight is conducted for indexing strategy, while no changes in weights are conducted for buy hold strategy. Moreover, the portfolio stocks mainly change in indexing strategy, while no change in stock are conducted for buy and hold strategy. Furthermore, the indexing investment strategy is mainly conducted, as it believes that it is impossible to beat the market. However, the buy and hold strategy is mainly based on the belief that relevant returns from the stock will be provided in the long run. Michalski (2013) stated that companies and investors by using derivatives, swaps, futures and options investm ent instruments are able to generate more money including lesser amount of premiums on trade 643590_Question 4643590_SPSS_data.sav The correlation of SP 500 and TYX before 2010 was mainly at 0.188, which indicates a positive correlation. This mainly states that both the index has a positive correlation, where any increment in value of one index could directly reflect on others share value. However, after 2010 till 2017 the overall correlation of SP 500 and TYX was mainly between 0.511, which indicates that both the index is positively correlated. This relevant option is mainly helpful for the investor to make adequate investment decision. The investor with the help of correlation is mainly able to detect the overall investment opportunity. The positive correlation mainly states that the value of TYX and SP 500 relatively increases over time due to their correlation of returns. Reference and Bibliography: Aouni, B., Colapinto, C., La Torre, D. (2014). Financial portfolio management through the goal programming model: Current state-of-the-art.European Journal of Operational Research,234(2), 536-545. Bodie, Z. (2013).Investments. McGraw-Hill. Cosio, R. M., Estrada, J., Kritzman, M. (2015). New Frontiers in Portfolio Management. Michalski, G. (2013). Portfolio management approach in trade credit decision making.arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3823. Statman, M. (2014). Behavioral Finance: Peter Bernstein and The Journal of Portfolio Management.The Journal of Portfolio Management,40(5), 24-37.

Science Rules Essays (333 words) - Fathom, Book Of Job, Science

Science Rules Prepare for Tomorrow Today If everyone had known the importance of their future, they could have comprehended better the value of preparation in early life. A college education may have seemed out of reach for some individuals, who struggled in high school. A factory job or assembly line position was a more realistic goal to achieve. Throughout their childhood there was a dream of having a mansion, or a fancy car. Money was the center of their interests. They learned as they got older that these things were harder to accomplish than they imagined. People had to work long, tedious hours when they were young to get ahead for the future. There was the reality of a price to be paid in early life, but what they benefited later would be more than they could ever fathom. They would have to remember to work hard, and prove to others that they were a worthy people to take note of. This was only the beginning, however. They had to strive to do well in the community and in their place of employment. Even the little things that seemed insignificant made a bigger difference in later life. There were times when that nothing job they had meant something more later on. They could have never known when that past job supervisor could have been a place of reference for a job opportunity or an advancement. There should be a certain part of people that is devoted to their education. This will be something that will be noted later in college, or sometimes in the job that was so important for them to have. The studying may have been a little stressful at times, but if people had not learned to balance their schedule at a young age how would they cope as adults with a family, and occupation? It was a long hard road, however, the fruits of labor would be endless. Their education had much worth, and was the foundation of their future. Science

Free Essays on The Importance Of The Declaration Of Independence In American History

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE IN AMERICAN HISTORY The Declaration of Independence – adopted on July 4, 1776 – not only announced the birth of a new nation, it also lays down a philosophy of human freedom, then and there to be an active force in the entire western world. It rested not upon particular accusations but upon a wide base of individual liberty that could command general support throughout America. It is fundamental to give details about the background that made the move to independence of colonies necessary, to begin any inquiry into the meaning of the Declaration. We need to go back to a time when Americans still kept a clear conception of themselves as a people composed of individuals capable of self-government. The American Revolution was the dramatic conclusion of just such a moment. The reasons behind the urge for American independence form an essential part of the political identity of the United States of America, and the Declaration is a chief document in the continuing discussion about who Americans are as a nation and as a society, and what is the process of their looking after and finding their identity in the last three hundred years. The members of each generation strive to discover the truth about their past. One of the answers given to the question of when and where the Declaration’s root has begun is indeed the Mayflower Compact aboard the Mayflower. Aboard the Mayflower, they Pilgrim Fathers adopted an instrument for government called the â€Å"Mayflower Compact† to; â€Å"†¦combine ourselves together into a civil body politic for our better ordering and preservation†¦and by virtue hereof (to) enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices†¦as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The action was not opposed although there was no legal starting point for the Pilgrims to establish ... Free Essays on The Importance Of The Declaration Of Independence In American History Free Essays on The Importance Of The Declaration Of Independence In American History THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE IN AMERICAN HISTORY The Declaration of Independence – adopted on July 4, 1776 – not only announced the birth of a new nation, it also lays down a philosophy of human freedom, then and there to be an active force in the entire western world. It rested not upon particular accusations but upon a wide base of individual liberty that could command general support throughout America. It is fundamental to give details about the background that made the move to independence of colonies necessary, to begin any inquiry into the meaning of the Declaration. We need to go back to a time when Americans still kept a clear conception of themselves as a people composed of individuals capable of self-government. The American Revolution was the dramatic conclusion of just such a moment. The reasons behind the urge for American independence form an essential part of the political identity of the United States of America, and the Declaration is a chief document in the continuing discussion about who Americans are as a nation and as a society, and what is the process of their looking after and finding their identity in the last three hundred years. The members of each generation strive to discover the truth about their past. One of the answers given to the question of when and where the Declaration’s root has begun is indeed the Mayflower Compact aboard the Mayflower. Aboard the Mayflower, they Pilgrim Fathers adopted an instrument for government called the â€Å"Mayflower Compact† to; â€Å"†¦combine ourselves together into a civil body politic for our better ordering and preservation†¦and by virtue hereof (to) enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices†¦as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The action was not opposed although there was no legal starting point for the Pilgrims to establish ...

Starbuck's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Starbuck's - Essay Example The tables below show the ratio analysis for the fiscal years 2006 and 2007. The current ratio shows a company’s abilities to pay for its current obligations. The formula used to calculate the current ratio is current assets divided by current liabilities. The current ratio of Starbucks for both 2006 and 2007 was 0.79. In theory the desirable current ratio is to have a 1.0 current ratio or above. The metric result shows the company is able to pay for its current liabilities. The fact that the current ratio stayed at the same level is good sign, bad would be if the current ratio of the company decreased. Starbuck’s debt to equity ratio in 2006 was 0.99 implying that the company had as much debt as equity. In 2007 the company’s ratio rose 35% meaning Starbucks long term debt increased. At first glance it is never a good sign to look at year to year financial statement and to see more debt in the books. More debt sometimes means trouble, but necessarily. A higher amount of debt could mean a company borrowed money in order to finance some investments that will increase its profitability. To learn more about what Starbucks has done with its new money we have to analyze the firm’s profitability’s ratios. Return on equity is a profitability ratio. In 2006 Starbucks return on equity was 25.32%, by 2007 the firm had risen this ratio to 29.44%. The total increase in return on equity at Starbucks was 4.12% which represents a percentage increase of 16.27% in comparison with the previous year. The increase in return on equity at Starbucks is a good indicator. It prov es so far that the company has invested its added debt total smartly and that the company is more profitable. The financial ratio analyzes performed on Starbucks shows the company heading in a good direction. The firm added a lot of long term debt but the money apparently spend wisely in capital projects that raised the level of income of the company. The company’s ability to pay its

Value of Education in Todays Society Research Paper

Value of Education in Todays Society - Research Paper Example Education is Important to the Economy and to Learning Civic Responsibility Participants in higher education are often more responsible financially because they are opened to a variety of higher level thinking skills. Mohan (2012) states that an individual who gains a degree is often able to find better jobs than those who do not. Mohan also states that people are less likely to accept public assistance if they have a good job. Brand (2010) states that education puts people into the position of becoming more civic minded. Brand notes that as people excel in college, they are less likely to be involved in volunteer work. Education opens people’s minds and directs them to a better life. This is an important feature of education that is true across cultures. Education is Important to Career Advancement Many people want to advance in their careers. Many times, they only way for advancement is to gain more education. In many corporate settings, as employees gain certain levels of ed ucation, they can move into management other positions. Education helps an individual see other opportunities and put into place goals and objectives that are important to their own career growth. Comunian, Faggian, and Jewell (2011) point out that there are a variety of careers that are successful when people are looking for jobs. When someone has education they can also begin at a better salary than they would if they only have a high school education. A higher salary may mean that a person will spend more money in the economy and this will help society improve. Educated people are able to critically think in many situations. Baum and Payea (2005) state that when people have a college education it provides... This paper approves that Education creates leaders. Leaders are important in any society because they are at the head of most organizations. Chyns, Kiefer, Kerschreiter and Tymon state that education is important to self-awareness and leadership development. The authors studied leadership and found that leaders must be able to understand the environments in which they work. Leaders also have an understanding of how to lead people and get them to do what is needed. This is important because without strong leadership, most organizations fail. This essay comes to a conclusion that education is important to society on many levels. Education drives a society and can help it transition to a stronger community. Education is important to enhance a society and to make it stronger. When someone is gaining education, he or she learns how to help others achieve as they take the role of leadership. Education is important to the economy because educated people spend more and they pay more taxes. They also pay taxes. Both situations bring people together and help the society grow. Most organizations are working with a diverse work group which means that training should be involved with them to understand more about cultures and about what culture looks like. In a global world, it is important is to be culturally sensitive to the needs of all workers and this come with education and training. There is no doubt that education is important to society. There are a variety of ways that educated people help the economy.

Climate Change in Saudi Arabia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Climate Change in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example The world is witness to considerable variation, in respect of sources of energy. In addition, there is an increase in the number of energy choices being provided to the various countries of the world. These efforts are the outcome of energy, security, economic and environmental concerns. All over the world, there has been a gradual changeover, from an economy based on fossil fuels, to on that depends on sustainable forms of energy. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia presents an extremely informative case, in this regard. It is one of the largest oil exporters in the world and is home to 25% of the world’s oil reserves. Of late, this country has been making serious efforts at urbanization and industrialization. This nation receives a large amount of sunlight and enjoys considerable wind resources. However, these renewable energy resources have not been adequately exploited. The concerns over the climate and conventions of the United Nations stand to hinder the economic progress of Saudi Arabia. This kingdom will be required to adopt alternative energy sources and eschew the use of traditional fossil fuels. The UN insists that the kingdom will have to adopt innovative technologies such as solar power for its energy needs. The economic growth of Saudi Arabia has slowed down to an appreciable extent, on account of the global economic slowdown. Saudi Arabia has the largest oil reserves in the world, and it had made enormous profits by drastically increasing the price of oil, in the recent past. Consequently, it is not seriously affected by the current economic crisis. The insistence of the developed world to reduce the consumption of carbon-based fuels has drawn a sharp reaction from the Saudis.

Discuss The Relationship Between Law And Society Law Essay

Discuss The Relationship Between Law And Society Law Essay Law and society are related to each other. Nothing can explain without any of them. Society becomes the jungle without the law. Law also needs to be changed according to the changes the society faces, because without the necessary changes law cannot keep pace with society. Without the control of the law, the society became the jungle or at least barbaric. So, to keep the society peaceful, we need to create a harmonious relationship between law and society. We can take an example of our country, where everyday we watch so many crimes. But due to lack of evidence the criminal is set free or there are too little penalty, that law breakers did not care about it. Just the example we can see few cases of eve teasing. In early January this year, police found 13-year-old Nashfia Akand Pinky, a class nine student, hanging from a ceiling fan in the citys West Agargaon area. According to her parents, 35-year-old Murad, a driver by profession, would harass Pinky on a regular basis in the streets. Fifteen days before Pinky killed herself, Murads mother along with his grandmother had gone to Pinkys house with a marriage proposal on Murads behalf. Pinkys parents had, obviously, declined the proposal. Murad and his family are currently absconding.  [1]   Eighteen-year-old Reshma Khatun, a class 12 student of Salpa Technical School, took pesticides and killed herself on March 7, 2010 in Shanti Nagar village at the Sherpur upazila. She would be harassed on her way to school by her neighbour 24-year-old Munaf and his friend Robin. For a long time, Reshma had to stay silent while enduring the mental torture every day before she decided to end her life. The perpetrator in this case is also absconding.  [2]   On March 20, 2010, 15-year-old Chand Moni committed suicide by hanging herself from a ceiling fan at her house in Kishoreganj. A student of class 9 at the Azimuddin High School, Chand Moni used to be harassed on her way to school by 20-year-old Alam and his friends 21-year-old Abdur Rahman, 20-year-old Saddam Hossain and 23-year-old Russel Mia. Alams mother and aunts would also pressurise Monis parents to marry their underage daughter off to Alam, to which the parents would always decline. A few days before killing herself, Alam and his accomplices had barged into Monis house and threatened to kidnap Moni if the parents had rejected his proposal. So, little Moni decides to end her then marry Alam. After the incidents, Alam and his family are absconding.  [3]   Fourteen-year-old Umme Kulsum Elora ended her life on April 3, 2010, by taking pesticides in her house in Madhya Nandipara. A class eight student of Dakkhin Banasri Model High School in the capital, Elora had been harassed by 19-year-old Rezaul Karim and his friends for over a year. Elora ended her life by swallowing pesticides in their house at around 3:00pm. In the primary interrogation, Rezaul claimed that he had a relationship with Elora. However, when Elora was alive, Rezaul and his friends would often disturb her over the phone. Elora would go to school in a van with other children. But as the harassment got intolerable, Eloras mother Halima would take her daughter to school herself for over a month and a half. Her mother says that her husband Amin Mollah and herself had even taken the issue up with Rezauls parents, but that does not solve the problem and in the end Elora ended her life by swallowing pesticides.  [4]   The wrongdoer set free because there is no strong law against the eve teasing. The law against eve teasing in Bangladesh is given in Article 76 of the Dhaka Metropolitan Police Ordinance 1976 and Article 509 of the Penal Code of 1860 affirm that any acts, conducts, or verbal abuses that are used to disgrace women are punishable by law. Article number 10(2) of the Prevention of Women and Children Repression Act 2000 mildly addressed eve-teasing. However, that section of the law was eliminated in 2003, through amendment and justified it on the ground of manipulation of the law. In its place, a new provision has been added under Article 9 of the present law that says that if a woman is forced to commit suicide as a direct consequence of somebodys willful dishonor/sexual harassment/assault, then the guilty person will be liable to a maximum of ten years and a minimum of five years of imprisonment. But this is not strong law, because the girl who committed suicide because of teasing then it is just like a murder. It cannot be stopped unless strong law is passed and implemented.  [5]   What is Law: Law is the command of the Sovereign. Law must flow from a determinate person or group of persons with the threat of displeasure, if it is not obeyed. As we know, Sovereignty is a only part of the state. So, we can say that Law is used to denote rules of conduct emanated from and enforced by the state. According to Holland, Law is a rule of external human action enforced by the sovereign political authority.  [6]   According to Salmond, Law is the body of principles recognized and applied by the State in the administration of justice  [7]   According to Woodrow Wilson,Law is that portion of the established habit and thought of mankind which has gained distinct and formal recognition in the shape of uniform rules backed by the authority and power of the government.  [8]   According to Anson, The objects of Law is Order, and the result of Order is that men are enables to look ahead with some sort of security as to the future. Although human action cannot be reduced to the uniformities of nature, men endeavored to reproduce by Law something approaching to this uniformity.  [9]   So we can say that law must have three characteristics which are given below: Law has its sovereign authority, Law is accompanied by sanctions, The command of law should compel a course of conduct. Being a command the law must flow from a determinate person or group of persons with the threat of displeasure, if it is not obeyed.  [10]   What is Society: A community or a group of persons, living in any region, who are united by some common bond, is known as society.  [11]  A society is a group of people related to each other through persistent relations such as social status, roles and social networks. They also share the same geographical territory and subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.  [12]  Common bond is some kind of uniformity of factors like nature of the people, habit, custom, beliefs, culture, etc. This common bond helps the members of the society to form the rules of social behavior. The punishment of disobeying the social rules is come from in the form of social disapproval. The punishments are generally excommunication or ostracism.  [13]   Relationship between Law and Society: Theorists have traditionally maintained that there are certain broad on the substantive criminal law. One set of such constraints concerns the sorts of behavior that may legitimately be prohibited. Is it proper, for example, to criminalize a certain kind of action on the grounds that most people in ones society regard it as immoral? The other set of constraints which concern what is needed in order to establish criminal responsibility that is liability, independently of the content of the particular statute whose violation is in question.  [14]   Legal system reflects all the energy of life within in any society. Law has the complex vitality of a living organism. We can say that law is a social science characterized by movement and adaptation. Rules are neither created nor applied in a vacuum, on the other hand they created and used time and again for a purpose. Rules are intended to move us in a certain direction that we assume is good, or prohibit movement in direction that we believe is bad.  [15]   The social rules are made by the members of the society. Disobedience of the social rules is followed by punishment of social disapproval. There is no positive penalty associated with the violation of rules except excommunication or ostracism. On the other hand, Law is enforced by the state. The objective of law is to bring order in the society so the members of society can progress and develop with some sort of security regarding the future.  [16]   The state makes laws. Disobedience of state laws cause penalty, which is enforced by the Government by the power of the state. Which is not enforceable is not Law.  [17]   Change of Law and Change of Social Roles: The legal system of a country reflects the rules of society. If there is a change social rules then we can say that a change in social law just occurs. Law can be changed due to social condition of any country. Many people know the revolution 1990 of Bangladesh, which is take place due to political unrest of the country. When Bangladesh Nationalist Party forms the government they change the law and under the new law lead to the parliamentary democracy in the country. Recently acid violence, eve teasing, domestic violence took place due insufficient laws. The penalty of eve teasing is light that many people did not take the penalty seriously. The penalty of eve teasing is given in Article 76 of the Dhaka Metropolitan Police Ordinance 1976 and Article 509 of the Penal Code of 1860 affirm that any acts, conducts, or verbal abuses that are used to disgrace women are punishable by law. Article number 10(2) of the Prevention of Women and Children Repression Act 2000 mildly addressed eve-teasing. However, that section of the law was eliminated in 2003, through amendment and justified it on the ground of manipulation of the law. In its place, a new provision has been added under Article 9 of the present law that says that if a woman is forced to commit suicide as a direct consequence of somebodys willful dishonor/sexual harassment/assault, then the guilty person will be liable to a maximum of ten years and a minimum of five years of imprisonment. This la w is so light in terms of death of a innocent girl. The criminal dare breach the law this no strong law, if the law is death penalty, to force a suicide then criminal would think twice to breach law. As we know, the acid violence is major problem I our country. Few years ago it becomes like epidemic. Now acid violence is go down due to the strong law which is death penalty. Section 4 of the Acid Crime Act, 2002 prescribes death penalty or rigorous imprisonment for life including fine taka not more than one lakh if any body causes death or makes an attempt to cause death to any child or woman by using any burning substance, e.g., acid. The law also states that, import, production, storage, sale or usage of acid without a license is a punishable offence. But the mechanisms prevalent to regulate importation, preparation and sale of the acid used in these attacks are inadequate. However, the Acid control Act, 2002, provides for the formation of a national council to control the selling use, production, import, transportation and storing of acid.  [18]   The law is hard that everyone obey the law regarding the acid violence which causes less acid related crime. Every person loves their own life. Conclution: Legal system reflects all the energy of life within in any society. Law has the complex vitality of a living organism. We can say that law is a social science characterized by movement and adaptation. Rules are neither created nor applied in a vacuum, on the other hand they created and used time and again for a purpose. Rules are intended to move us in a certain direction that we assume is good, or prohibit movement in direction that we believe is bad.  [19]  So, we can say that rules had to be change according to the roles of the society. Law also reflects the society. Such as, in Saudi Arabia law are based on Quran and Sunnah. In Bangladesh property act, marriage act and many other act based on the Quran and Sunnah. Also when emergency arise, then according to the social condition the law is also changed by the Government. So, we can say that, the relationship between law and society are interrelated.

Confucianism Essay -- Religion Confucianism

Confucianism The religion of Confucianism is and interesting and unique religion. The various parts of this belief system deal more with humanity than with deities or supernatural occurrences. It is this fact that leads many to believe that Confucianism is more a philosophy or way of life than a religion. There are, however, various ceremonies and beliefs that those who follow Confucianism observe. In short, Confucianism has had more impact on the lives of the Chinese than any other single religion. Confucius was born in the province of Lu (now known as Shantung), in 551 BC, the youngest of eleven children, in the period of China's history when the nation was divided into feudal states. Confucius saw the time in which he lived as a low point in China's history so he set out to teach his philosophy in an effort of improving his society. He was born into a noble class, but his family had been stripped of its nobility by the time he was born. By the age of 21 he had been so well educate d that he already had disciples and by 22, he had opened a school. He became known later in life as K'ung Fu Tzu (which was later Latinized in the west as Confucius), meaning Great Master Kung, for his teaching. It is known that he had a wife , a son, and a daughter, and that he held a few governmental offices. The teachings of Confucius were to lead people to achieve a status known as Chun Tzu, or superior man, to become Chun Tzu you must reach a perfect balance and awareness in political and social situations. In the time of Confucius, only the aristocracy was educated, which meant that the Chun Tzu was exclusively the wealthy, however, he devoted his life to teaching everyone regardless of their financial standing, provided they were intelligent eno... ...ained a large following, with Buddhism competing directly against Confucianism (Taoism, due to it's similarities coexisted with Confucianism without much conflict). Eventually, Chinese political leaders came to believe that foreign religions (one of which was Buddhism) were eroding their traditional way of life, and this resulted in the persecution of many who followed these foreign religions, thus revitalizing Confucianism. In the past century, Confucianism has suffered greatly. due to industrialization and science, it has been seen as outdated and as abridging personal freedoms. Today it has finally began another resurgence. The current ideals of society have turned toward more spirituality and respect for other religions has once again breathed new life into this old philosophy. Bibliography Aspects of Religion CD-rom, Interactive Learning Productions, 1994

Company Analysis: Sears Holding Corporation Essay

Company Analysis: Sears Holding Corporation Abstract Sears Holdings Corporation (SHC) is the nation’s fourth largest broadline retailer with approximately 3,900 full-line and specialty retail stores in the United States and Canada. Formed in the later part of the 19th century it was the largest retail company in the country until the early nineties. SHC is currently the leading home appliance retailer as well as a leader in tools, lawn and garden, home electronics and automotive repair and maintenance. As a result of its merger with Kmart in 2005, SHC also has Martha Stewart Everyday products, which are offered exclusively in the U. S. by Kmart. SHC operates through its subsidiaries, including Sears, Roebuck and Co. and Kmart Corporation. In recent years Sears has undergone major changes in order to maximize its profits and beat its competitors. In the past several decade Sears has been the place to go shop for home goods, clothing, and fitness equipment and auto repairs. As time progressed they became very comfortable with what they hard as other companies such as Wal-Mart, Target, Lowes, JC Penny crept in and reaped a chunk of its market. In a struggle to re-invent itself, it tries to maintain focus on its primary and secondary target markets. Introduction The Sears Holding Corporation is a multinational corporation with retailers purchasing products in the United States, Canada, Mexico and Puerto Rico. It is the fourth largest retailer within the United States, with over 3900 locations and sells many different marketable goods for consumers. These goods include products such as tools, branded clothing, appliances, sporting goods, electronics, home maintenance and repair, and automotive from many different retailers (http:// www. searsholdings. com/). The Sears Holding Corporation is a result of the merger between Kmart Holding Corporation with the Sears Roebuck Co. which occurred in 005, and the headquarters is located in Hoffmann Estates, Illinois. The consolidated subsidiaries include Sears, Roebuck and Co. , Lands’ End Inc. , LRFG, LLC, Sears Brands, LLC, Sears Canada, Inc. , Sears Financial Holdings Corporation, Sears Reinsurance Company, Ltd. , Kmart Holding Corporation, Kmart Management Corporation, Kmart Cor poration, and the Sears Holdings Management Corporation(http:// www. secinfo. com/dVut2. v3ap. 5. htm#1stPage). Brief History The Sears Roebuck Corporation was founded by Richard Warren Sears and Alvah C. Roebuck in 1893. Sears started as a Jeweler who made a profit by selling watches. The most innovative and quite possibly the most famous method of sales synonymous with Sears was the Sears Catalog. Providing pictures of the products, the prices, and a handy item that could be ordered on a regular basis for sales was by far an ingenious method of marketing. Consumers would be able to purchase items with no markup, have knowledge of their budgets required for purchases, and be somewhat assured of the quality of the product based upon the appearance, marketable ideas and mainly products which could be sold, thus expanding Sears’ enterprise. Mainly from the early 1900’s throughout the 1980’s, Sears maintained its tronghold in America’s consumer market, especially in the 40’s and 50’s with its tremendous expansion. However, towards the 90’s and 2000’s, as many other big businesses arrived, divestiture, as well as problems associated with employee wage issues, Sears’ marketability dropped off until its merger with Kmart in 2005 (http:// en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sears). Kmart first opened in 1962 and was founded by Sebastian S. Kresge. It was a relatively successful corporation and utilized marketing ideas within the store, namely â€Å"Blue Light Specials† which would entice customers to urchase the â€Å"blue light† or discounted items while they were shopping for their products. Unfortunately, due to failed ideas regarding consumer marketing, failure to utilize the computer technologies for supply chain management, and other setbacks, Kmart had to declare bankruptcy in early 2002. (http://en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/Kmart). Merger The merger between Kmart and Sears clearly enhanced both of the companies’ mutual progressive goals. Sears invested many assets in the formation of Sears Grand stores, larger off store malls, and in the process bought many of the Kmart locations which were going out of business. Therefore the merger helped this process so that it would enable the further growth of Sears at a quicker pace as well as enhance the productivity and save the Kmart Corporation. This was clearly a strong decision made by the executives in combining forces so that the marketability of both companies would increase. Along with this, the shareholders could make a tremendous profit with this alliance. Prior to the merger, if the independent companies were not steadily increasing their revenue shareholders would lose money from their investments. The combination of both of the corporations would mprove shareholder investment returns and thus facilitate the growth of the Sears Holding Corporation. The more investors receive higher returns, the greater investments into the company thus fostering its overall growth. The proprietary brands, selling the aforementioned products, under both companies would be able to reach the target demographic groups with greater ease. The real estate holdings of individual Kmart or individual Sears stores, now under the umbrella of the Sears Holding Corporation, could be leveraged, thus enhancing the ability to sell more of their combined products to a vast variety of consumers. This was reported to increase revenue by nearly 200 million dollars per year. Along with the increased revenue, a decrease in overall cost for maintenance of both corporations due to the merger would save nearly 300 million dollars per year (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/ Sears_Holdings_Corporation). A general projected net increase of 500 million dollars per year is a phenomenal growth rate. As mentioned previously, a global distribution of these stores in the North American continent (from Mexico to Canada) has enabled the Sears Holding Company to expand even further. Leadership Overall, this merger helped Sears Holdings Corporation be a force in the United States market. As the eighth largest company in the US, the profits and revenue have increased tremendously, but the lack of leadership and the constant changing of executive power has been a preventative factor in its further growth and means that a company cannot initiate new marketable strategies that will come to fruition. Employee stability and satisfaction in a large company is always an issue as well, because Job security is always in question when companies merge. Another downside to such mergers means that the people in executive positions can relocate o other positions at different companies, and strategies that were used to run a single company might not work due to multiple variables involved to create a Joint company. Initially, the decisions to run the Joint company might cause disagreements that might not necessarily increase the percentage of revenue on an annual basis. However, after testing market strategies over a period of time, implementing different methods to sell products, and keep investors happy by generating profits on a yearly basis, the company will eventually succeed through innovation and investment. SHC faces stiff competition from big box retailer such as Wal-Mart and Target. In the mid-tier its competitors include Macys,J. C. Penny and Kohl’s. Organizational Structure SHC recently implemented an organizational structure and operating model that aids in the management of its several business lines thus creating autonomy and focus for business unit management teams. This 5 unit structure enables each organization to focus on their core capabilities and categories which are: support, operating business, brands, online, operating business and real-estate. These support units provide administrative and operational support to the areas of arketing, store operations, customer strategy and finance. Each unit thus comes with a designated leader and an advisory group which is composed of Sears Holding executives. Giving autonomy to each unit futures the business by allowing them to focus on management and profitable of that Unit and the company as a whole (Reuters 2008). With these changes I believe SHC will be better placed to compete and maximize profits. Target market The primary target market for sears is arguably home owners between the ages of 25 to 55 with a moderate household income 25,000 to 60000 dollars. Homeowners make he majority of the population shopping at sears stores. This accounts for the sale in the hard lines department. Sears provides home improvement solutions to this group of people. This group is attracted by products such as home appliances, entertainment centers, home d? ©cor, and fitness equipments. The main appeal to these customers is home appliances and lawn and garden tools. This is so because Sears has a reputation for Secondary market targeted by SHC consists mainly the younger generation. In an effort to bring itself up to par with its competitors, they have been providing brands and clothing items in the soft lines department. This group consists of school age children (4-18). Sears offers products like the kids advantage program where parents can purchase shoes for their kids and be able to switch it for a new pair sometime down the road. Last year Sears teamed upped with LL Cool J and MTVto provide the LL Cool J brand appeal to the teenage population. This brand resonates better with young African American and Latino teenagers. Competitors In the hard lines division sears faces major competition from hardware retail giants such as Lowes and Home Depot. These two have managed to cut off some primary more variety home improvement products than sears. Their yearly sales post better profits than SHC. The soft lines department faces major completion from JC penny, Macy’s, Target and Wal-Mart. Macy’s and JC Penney have managed to chip away some of the market by providing better quality brand named apparel such as Liz Claiborne, Baby Phat, and Anne Kline to these customers. Both companies have managed to post better revenue than SHC the previous quarters. Retail Giants such as Wal-Mart currently (currently No. 1) and Target also provide stiff competition for SHC. These two also have managed to fair better than Sears during this harsh economic period ith Wal-Mart providing a variety of products at super low prices, while target provides more quality apparel at equivalent prices. Recent Performance The company recorded revenues of $46,700 million during the financial year (FY) ended January 2009, a decrease of 7. 8 % over 2008. The operating profit of the company during FY2009 was $251 million, a decrease of 83. 8% from 2008. The net profit was $53 million in FY2009, a decrease of 93. 6% over FY2008. The decline in operating and net profit was due to decrease in gross margin and higher impairment chargers. Stock Market Chart SHC http://www. reuters. om/finance/stocks/chart? symbol=SHLD. OQ The graph chart above illustrates how SHC has performed in the stock market since the merger in 2005. SHC has seen a constant struggle since the merger, the highest grossing year being 2007 when SHLD stock went for $ 190 and currently at $78 thanks to the current economic crisis. Of all the revenue grossed by SHC in recent and past years only 11% comes from Sears Canada meaning the most of SHC revenue is generated here at home: 55% form Sears domestic and 34% from Kmart as demonstrated by the Pie chart below. http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/Sears_Holdings_(SHLD) SWOT Analysts For decades the hard-lines department brought the highest revenue to the business and is considered one of the strengths of sears. Here we see the power of Sears’ owned brand named products such as Craftsman, Kenmore and the usual home improvement tools and equipments. Such are products that are nationally recognized as very reliable tools. In the soft-lines department sears brands such as Lands’ End and Diehard are also heavy sellers and nationally recognized. One other strength of sears is that it is dedicate to its community and customers. Sears has taken upon its self to provide excellence in customer services and for years has had a tring of dedicated customers. Sears is also involved in serving the community and helping the less fortunate. Programs like Heroes at Home and Extreme Makeover Home Edition has Sears written all over it. This dedication to the community has help exposed it to consumers The weakness of this corporation stands from what may have been one of its strengths. Though it has a large customer base, Sears has allowed its sales volume to plummet because they are not keeping up with the changing market environment. They have lost touched with the consumers and competitors when it comes to soft- ines (clothing) and some hard-lines divisions. Sears has undergone too much diversification and has thus lost focus on retail services (Prentice-Hall, 2003). Most of it retail stores today are not reflective of the needs of the consumer. Sears clothing line is old, outdated and out of touch with fashion trends. Currently retail stores are old worn out and do not attack customers. At present its current CEO has been interim so for 18 month indicative of managerial or leadership problems (Gorenstein 2009). Opportunity The merger of K-mart in 2005, was thought be the â€Å"silver bullet’ that would revamp he company, providing a variety of products and obtain an expanded customer base. So far SHC has post several quarterly losses with the most recent of 94 million dollar (SHC 2009). Sears has the opportunity to revamp or improve sales in the soft-lines department by buying and capitalizing on brands such as Liz Cleburne, Nine West that are appealing to customers. They currently have brands such as LL Cool J and Joe Boxers that are thriving in the male department. For the Hard-line department, while it is thriving sears can still provide affordable and durable products with the kind of guarantee that they have for Craftsman tools. In general a change to inventory that appeal to the consumers will bring in revenue and make Sears a better competitor. Threats Like any other company in business Sears faces a constant threat from its competitors. Sears current faces threats from retail giants such as Wal-Mart and Target. More over departmental stores such as Macys and JC Penny are also fighting for its customers. It is worth noting that all these business were babies compared to Sears in the past. More discount stores are opening further driving down sails in certain departments. Sears risk losing its customers if it doesn’t re-invent the stores o provide items that appeal to them. The economic down turn hasn’t been fair to SHC as they have posted record losses for the whole year and until the situation improves SHC has to take steps to reduce cost and increase profits or revenue. Supply Chain Management Sears’ main focus when supply chain management is concerned, is to replenish its inventory as quickly as possible. SHC has 3 basic products: seasonal products such a s lawn mowers and snow blowers, perennial best sellers and fast moving products that need to be replenished rapidly. Unlike many of its competitors, SHC provides 6 illion home appliances/home improvement deliveries directly to customers’ homes every year. To do this effectively SHC uses Cross-docking which is a type of distribution in which inbound products are unloaded at distribution centers, sorted by destination and then loaded onto delivery trucks. Thus the goods are not warehouse i. e. they are Just moved across ducts This reduces the days in inventory positioned its inventory in 4 regional warehouses so it can provide next-day delivery to it customers and quickly replenish store supply. Recommendations How can we stars fixing the problems faced by sears? Starting from the top, a permanent CEO, not another Interim should be put in place to take charge of long term decision making. An environmental analysis would help Sears see where it is and help guide it to where is should be in the market place. Showing them who their customers are, what the customers want and how they can out-beat the competition for more customers. It is no secret that the brands and styles in the soft-lines department have to be ever changing to appeal to customer in time. SHC needs to invest more money into remodeling each departmental store, making it easily accessible and more appealing to consumers. In light of the fact that SHC has lost touch with its customer base, decentralization should be considered. This will allow specialty stores that carter to consumers in each region thus increasing customer base and revenue. References About Sears Holding Corporation (2009) Retrieved September 4, 2009 from website: https://searsholdings.com/about https://searsholdings.com/about/kmart https://www.forbes.com/fdc/welcome_mjx.shtml http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_beekman_compconf_6/ http://ru.reuters.com/ http://www.searsarchives.com/history/history1886.htm http:// www. wikinvest. com/ https://searsholdings.com/ http://archives.chicagotribune.com/

The Purposes of the Three Witches in Macbeth

The Purposes of the Three Witches in Macbeth Macbeth is a symbolic story of how people can be easily influenced. In the beginning of the play, Macbeth meets the three witches and hears about his prophecy from them which he will become the next King of Scotland. These witches are important characters to develop the story. Every time when Macbeth needed them, he received prophecies from them. These prophecies affect Macbeth and reveal his evil personality. As revealed in the play, the purposes of the three witches in the play are to foreshadow, advance the plot, and show the human weakness.One of the purposes of the witches in the play is to set allusions. In the beginning of act one scene one, the three witches plan? to meet at the open field to see Macbeth after the battle is over. As they promised, they wait for Macbeth and Banquo to return from the battlefield. When they faced each other, the third witch said, â€Å"All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter†(Macbeth 1. 3. 51) to Macbeth. Then the first witch tells Banquo that, â€Å"Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none/ So all hail, Macbeth and Banquo! †(Macbeth 1. 3. 8-69), which she meant that Banquo will become the father of the kings. Later in the story, Macbeth seeks for the three witches to hear more about his future. They told him that â€Å"Be bloody, bold, and resolute. Laugh to scorn/ The power of man, for none of woman born/ Shall harm Macbeth. †(Macbeth 4. 1 81-83). These prophecies eventually become true. There are no doubts that the tree witches allure the story by telling the futures. The weird witches not only foreshadow but also advance the story. The story mainly develops by the prophecies.After Macbeth hears about his future from the witches, he writes a letter to Lady Macbeth, his wife, about the prophecy. Since Lady Macbeth had no doubt about this prophecy of Macbeth becoming the king, she plans to assassinate the King Duncan to fulfill the prophecy. Macbet h and Lady Macbeth put their plan into action. Successfully, Macbeth killed the king and put false charge on Malcolm and Donalbain for assassinating the king to become sovereign. As a result, Macbeth took the next throne of the Scotland.While he rules Scotland with insanity, Malcolm seeks for revenge and makes an army to fight against Macbeth. With a growing fear in Macbeth’s heart, he goes to find the three witches again to receive another prophecy. He gets told that no men who came through a woman’s womb could harm him. He scoffs and eases his fear of death. However towards the end of the play, he faces death by Macduff, who was delivered by cesarean section. By giving prophecies, the witches indirectly affect the play to create tensions.The play of Macbeth clearly showed the human weakness. The witches did not force Macbeth to kill the king or to commit any crimes. Macbeth was a loyal general of King Duncan along with Banquo. However, after he hears the words from t he three weird sisters, he had a conversation with Banquo about what they heard and he says, â€Å"My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical,/ Shakes so my single state of man/ That function is smothered in surmise,/ And nothing is but what is not† (Macbeth 1. . 142- 145). From this conversation, his personality was revealed which he is a man who would not kill the king to attain his ambition. However, Macbeth eventually gets affected by the prophecy that he shows his ambitions toward the kingship and his evil personality. His influenced aspect is clearly shown when the second witch notes, that â€Å"By the pricking of my thumbs,/ something wicked this way comes† (Macbeth 4. 1. 44-45). From this quote, it shows that Macbeth’s personality became evil.The purposes of the witches are not only to develop the story but also to show that people are easily influenced. The weird sisters, the three witches, in the play do not advent often but have essential roles. They give prophecy to Macbeth which creates ambition in his heart. They are the main element that creates the consequences in the play. Their role in the story gave Macbeth a thought that they know he would expand on and reveal his human weakness. Work Cited Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. New York: Signet Classic, 1987. Print

Exploring stereotypes through the film Crash 2005 Essays

Exploring stereotypes through the film Crash 2005 Essays Exploring stereotypes through the film Crash 2005 Paper Exploring stereotypes through the film Crash 2005 Paper who previously has been accused of being racist. Consequently it could be argued that they could have had control of the overall ideology behind the film. All those who challenge the hegemonic ideology forced upon us are represented as negatively and are stereotyped in order to control them. This theory is evident in the film when we see Officer Ryan rescues Christine. The previous racist white male is redeemed by his heroism, while the black woman is reduced to incoherence by the situation and is forced to be silently grateful for his transcendence. The idea that from each scene a intelligible and blatant moral is expressed purposely provokes the audience to decide if in reality this how prejudice is expressed or if in fact people are more understanding. The reception theory initiated from the work of Hans-Robert Jauss is greatly supported by Hall. This textual analysis focuses on the capacity for compromise and resistance on behalf of the audience. This means that there is an aspect of viewing in which the audience will not passively absorb a text instead they will actively negotiate the meaning. The meaning will an individual conceive depends on their cultural background, as a result of the background some will accept a text and others will reject it. The reading of the representations could be seen in two ways depending on the beliefs and background of each individual viewer. Paul Haggis stated I hate as Americans we just love to define people. We love to say Good person, Bad person. In this film at least I didnt want us to be judging others. I wanted us to be judging ourselves. This offers us an insight into his original intention for the film, with the idea that the film would revolve around race decided later. The twin elements of accident (literally and figuratively) and coincidence connect the various stories, which are intended to prove that people form harmful prejudices from a combination of impressions and individual psychoses. I believe Ethnic stereotypes play a very significant role in the understanding of the film Crash, On either of its two dimensions. In order to understand the film either on a simplistic representational level, or else seeing the film as an example of maybe considering social conflicts as externalisations of a fundamentally internal crisis, which therefore allow the audience to realise that the complexity found in each character can in fact undermine the entire concept of a stereotype, consequently producing realistic individuals who are surrounded by racial conflict in post 9/11. To understand and examine racial issues in the after math of 9/11 looking towards real life will enable us to predict the stereotypes that may also become hegemonic ideologies in America.

Talent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Talent - Essay Example In business, a talent is also considered to be a recurring form of thought or conduct which can be exploited productively. To be able to perform a task outstandingly, one require having a recurring thought pattern. In business, different people perform different in different jobs depending on their talent. Additionally, talents require to be managed to enhance success (Sorensen and Crabtree Web). My talent is in management. I consider this to be my talent I have the natural ability to motivate other people which a crucial management skill. Since I was young, I have always been able to deal with people of different personalities and I often find myself playing the motivating role when working in a team. Additionally, am visionary, have apposite critical thinking skills, decisive and good team player. I believe management is my talent since having the above skills enables me to relate well with others, be organized, decisive, and be able to communicate effectively which is important in

Anti-Descrimination Laws Related to Employment Research Paper

Anti-Descrimination Laws Related to Employment - Research Paper Example In order to control these tendencies by employees who use company electronic media, especially the internet, for activities, which are not work related, many companies and organizations have chosen to adopt electronic usage policies whose purpose is to ensure that there is responsible use of this resource. In addition, these policies have been put in place to ensure that electronic resources are not used by employees for purposes, which are not compatible with the objectives of the organizations in which they are used. Recent surveys by human resource managers on employees in a diverse number of companies have found that approximately two thirds of employees spend at least some of their work time on non- work related internet activity. Among the employees who use social networks sites, it has been found that approximately half of them check their social network profiles during their normal workdays and that fifteen percent of this group spends at least one hour a day browsing the int ernet on non-work related sites. It was further found that over half of employees sent personal emails, with nineteen percent sending more than five personal emails per day. The response of many institutions and organizations to non-work related internet activity has been to establish tougher  policies  regarding internet  usage  and  electronic  means to ensure that their employees are monitored. It has been found that the most dominant method of controlling the internet behavior of employees, is through the blocking of those sites that are most commonly used, the monitoring of internet usage  and email, as well as the firing employees for  violating the electronic usage policies of their companies. The developments in employee potential misuse of electronic technology, and the reactions of employers to this changing environment, has further come to be evidenced by surveys that were conducted between 2001 and 2007. These surveys show that there was a dramatic increa se in the  use  of  electronic monitoring by employers, and this was mainly used as a tool to avoid potential lawsuits. According to a survey conducted in 2001, over half of the companies that responded monitored their employees' internet activities, with forty six percent monitoring e-mail, and thirty six percent monitoring storage and the retrieval of company files (Cappel, 1993). By the time another survey was conducted some six years later, the figures had risen to sixty six percent of companies monitoring Internet connections. There is a high possibility that this trend in  electronic  monitoring by companies as well as other employers will continue as the technological development of both hardware and software continues to improve and becomes less resource intensive to install and  use. Ethical Concerns Ethics have come to play an immense role in influencing the process of regulation of the internet within a diverse number of businesses and their success will depen d on how strict the said businesses are in implementing its electronic usage policy. The regulations of the content displayed on the internet are done ethically because they mostly deal with material that is of no use to the business, illegal or both and this is done to ensure that employees get to use this resource responsibly. A responsible business should ensure that the internet content that has been proven to have been wrongfully

The Greatest Failure of the Current Wave of Financial Globalisation Essay

The Greatest Failure of the Current Wave of Financial Globalisation - Essay Example Those countries that are able to integrate with the environmental changes will be experiencing more economic growth while others will be experiencing the economic recession. Globalisation has resulted from many years of human inventions and technological improvement. It pertains to the integration of economic activities all over the world through endless trading of products and services as well as the exchanging of cash flows. Sometimes, globalization relates to the constant movement of technology and business people including the skilled and unskilled workers. Even intangible thing such as knowledge and skills are also being transferred from one country to another. During globalization, the local and international markets are promoting efficiency because of the tight competition worldwide. Even the workforces have to become more competitive and flexible so they could keep up with their job. The global markets open a wider opportunity for these people to tap into larger markets all over the world. The global business cycle that we are dealing today is actually creating huge imbalances between UK’s cash inflow and outflows. As globalization contin uous, the global financial trend also changes. These changes will eventually be considered as one of the greatest failure of the current financial trend due to globalization. The effect of international trade on a country’s economy can be examined and measured by looking at the changes in the ratio of international trade, the total export plus the total imports to the output of GDP of an economy. According to Dollar and Kraay (2001), globalization reduces poverty.

Behaviour Management in the Classroom Essay Example for Free

Behaviour Management in the Classroom Essay Knowing how to anticipate and manage problems will ensure that students spend maximum time on task, and those students who are eager to learn are not disadvantaged by a few. I have found there are many different causes of disruptive and inappropriate behavior. These can include factors in and out of a teacher’s control. Factors outside the control of the teacher may include a student’s emotional and psychological factors. A student may have significant distressing issues in their home life such as bereavement or family breakdown for example. Students may also have had negative past experiences at a previous establishment or in the education system in general. Some students may behave inappropriately through boredom or finishing work to quickly, while others misbehave in an attempt to mask undiagnosed learning differences. Conversely, I have experienced students being disruptive in class due to having a special educational need, students with undedicated Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder for example. ‘Some teachers think a well-planned, interesting lesson will by itself prevent disruption. Or that if the teacher is entirely benign and respectful of students, conflict will simply melt away. This isn’t the case. ’ (Petty, 2006, pg3) The teacher themselves can sometimes be a cause of negative behaviour. Some students may act up through boredom as a result of a teacher being unprepared, demotivated or simply not giving enough consideration to lesson design. Bad classroom management can also be a factor, for example, allowing students to play with mobile phones or simply poor seating arrangements, which allow disruptive students to sit together. Review organisational policies relevant to managing behaviour in the learning environment identifying any areas for improvement | Every teaching establishment will have a number of different organizational policies relating to managing behaviour. Appendix A lists the specific policies I have to adhere to in my organisation. The policies are very diverse ranging from a staff code of conduct with pupils, to policies rela ting to effective teaching and learning. The specialist nature of my establishment means there are many policies linked to the welfare and safeguarding of students, including a number of anti-bullying policies (including anti-cyber bullying) to procedures relating to pastoral care. In my opinion, the behavior management policy in my establishment could be improved. There is no consistent approach to managing behavior throughout the organization. It is left to individual teaching staff to use their discretion as to what constitutes disruptive behavior and how to deal with it accordingly. Although the senior managers are usually supportive of teaching staff, It would be beneficial to staff and students for there to be a set procedure we could all follow. |Review ways of encouraging behaviours that contribute to an effective learning environment | |Use strategies for encouraging behaviours that contribute to an effective learning environment | ‘†¦classrooms become much more orderly when rules are stated, or better still negotiated, discussed and fully justified. It seems the little lighters need persuading of the obvious! ’ (Petty, 2006, pg3) There are many strategies to help a teacher limit disruptive behavior during lessons. I find an effective tool for managing behaviour is to set firm ground rules at the beginning of the course. These include clear boundaries, and expectations. If this can be done in consultation with the students it can be extremely effective, as it gives them the responsibility of managing each other’s behavior. It is use ful to note however, that set sanctions must also be clearly defined and followed as a consequence for breaking the rules for this technique to be effective. The use of reward is a good method of encouraging positive behavior, the use of praise, certificates and house points for example. ‘What we can’t do however is ignore disruptive behaviour. If we do, it won’t go away! ’ (LSDA, 2007, pg8) It is important for a teacher to challenge disruptive behaviour immediately and consistently. I feel by trying to make lessons enjoyable and providing work that helps students to achieve minimizes disruptive behaviour. The use of good communication by the teacher can also be a useful tool. This includes the use of the voice, phrasing, eye contact and body language. For example, using an assertive tone when making a request or physically positioning yourself near disruptive students. ‘You should be alert, businesslike, firm and unapologetic. But you must avoid showing anger or frustration even when you feel it. ’ (Petty, 2006, pg19) I feel getting to know students individually and knowing what their interests and expectations are helps. I find by creating a working relationship where students feel valued and respected is key to minimizing inappropriate behavior. In my opinion, the greater amount of respect the pupil has for you, the less likely they will misbehave. I agree with Petty (2006) when he states: ‘prevention the best strategy’ It is also important should a student misbehave that it is dealt with swiftly with the teachers focus being placed on the student’s behaviour, rather than the individual themselves. |Review ways of managing behaviours that disrupt an effective learning environment | No matter how hard you work at perfecting your behaviour management techniques, you will encounter ‘the really challenging-class’ at some point in your career’ (TES,2010) If a situation arises where an individual’s behavior is persistently disruptive, further action may be required to ensure the other students maintain an effective learning environment. The use of graduated sanctions in schools and colleges is a widely recognised, and is a commonly used method of controlling individuals that have not responded to other behavior management strategies. Having the support of heads of departments and senior management teams is crucial for this method to work effectively. I have, on occasion had to follow behaviour management procedures at my organisation that use graduated sanctions. For example, referring disruptive individuals to my head of department. If that student then continues to affect the learning of others they get referred to a member of the senior management team (SMT). The last stage being the Head Master, who has the power to take more serious action if required, such as temporary and permanent exclusions. Summarise own strengths and development needs in relation to managing behaviours that disrupt the learning environment | In general, I feel that managing my student’s behavior is one of my strengths. It is something I have learned, and improved upon through the years in my current teaching position. I have learnt different strategies for minimizing disruptive behaviour through observing other staff in my depar tment, and openly discussing individual cases with other teaching staff. With regards to my personal development, I would like to attend some training to help me manage students with disruptive behavioural disorders, specifically, Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Although I currently teach two individuals diagnosed with this disorder, they can be extremely disruptive in a group environment, and I believe attending training specifically related to managing this type of psychiatric disorder would be extremely beneficial for the future. References Cope, R. G. (2006). How to plan for behaviour development and classroom management : maximising student engagement: Pearson Education.

Validity of Animacy as a Mnemonic Dimension

Validity of Animacy as a Mnemonic Dimension Lomasi Fogarty   Abstract The objective of this report was to agree or disagree with the theory that animacy is an important mnemonic dimension. It was hypothesised that this was the case and animacy helps people with recall. First year students of 1001PSY Introduction to Cognitive and Biological Psychology, participated in an experiment where they were to remember words that appeared on a PowerPoint. A distraction task was applied to control for maintenance rehearsal and recency effect. The results from the experiment showed that animate words were more correctly recalled than inanimate words. It can be concluded that the hypothesis was supported and animacy is a mnemonic device as it is an aid for memory. The Validity of Animacy as a Mnemonic Dimension The purpose of this report is to validate whether animacy is an important dimension in regards to memory and mnemonics. Memory is the process of which information is acquired and modified so that knowledge can be stored, retrieved and used (Foster Wilson, 2005). The memory process starts with encoding the information, followed by storage, and retrieval. Encoding involves the information getting into the memory, and forming a memory code. Storage is where the information is kept in the memory, and retrieval is the process of accessing the stored information at a later time. This occurs in between short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). The serial position effect is the idea that the position in a list to be remembered, can have an effect on the correct recall. The usual pattern for this is that the first few items (primacy), and the last few items (recency), on the list, are better remembered than the stimuli located in the middle. The primacy effect has emerged due to the first few items being successfully transferred to stable, long-term memory, whereas the recency effect is a result of the stimuli functioning in short-term memory (Wiswede, Russeler, Munte, 2007). The term mnemonics is used to describe a variety of aids for memory that can result in an improvement in the retention and learning of information. The basic principles within this technique are recoding, meaningfulness, and organisation (Dickel, 1983). Animacy is acknowledged to be a foundational dimension for mnemonics, and plays a helpful role in regards to memory. Animacy is the concept best defined as living organisms. According to Nairne, VanArsdall, Pandeirada, Cogdill, and LeBreton (2013), for successful reproduction and survival of the human race, it is essential to distinguish between animate and inanimate things. Evolutionary psychologists would think it fit to suggest that selectively tuning and remembering animate things is an essential process done by the memory system as predators, as well potential mating partners, are animate beings and aid with the continuation of human existence. Little attention has been brought to mnemonic dimensions when studying memory. As Nairne et al. (2013) state, â€Å"the focus tends to be exclusively on the ‘how’ of remembering†. The recognition of the origins of cognitive systems can create a basis for the discovery of empirical phenomena. It is theorised that animate words are more likely to be recalled than inanimate words, and therefore is an important dimension for memory. This report aims to support or disagree with the idea that animacy is a mnemonic dimension. It was hypothesised that more of the animate words in this experiment were correctly recalled than the inanimate words. Method Participants In the 1001PSY Introduction to Cognitive and Biological Psychology tutorials, 386 (279 female) first year undergraduate psychology students at Griffith University participated in this experiment (Age Range= 16-55 years old; Mage= 19.79, SD= 5.39). Participation was encouraged however there was no incentive. Design This experiment was a within-subject design as everyone was tested on animacy. In this experiment, the one independent variable was the words that were to be remembered. This variable had two levels, animate and inanimate. The only dependant variable was memory; how many words of each level of the independent variable could be remembered by each participant. The serial position effect was acknowledged and controlled but was not measured. Materials There were two types of stimuli presented in this experiment. The main experiment was presented on a white PowerPoint slide with 24 words (12 animate and 12 inanimate) and were on a slide each. 2 buffer words were also used at the beginning and the end of the slides but were not identifiable from the other words by the appearance. The words were in black, Calibri (Headings) in size 115 font in the middle of the slide. Every 5 seconds the slides would change and a new word would appear. The exact words used are presented in Table 2 (Appendix A). The participants were supplied with a scoring sheet to tick off what words they remembered (Refer to Appendix B). The second stimuli was the distractor experiment, which consisted of a similar presentation. 20 varying numbers (11 odd, 9 even), were presented on a PowerPoint with white slides. The numbers were on the middle of a slide each, in the same font but size 166. The numbers used in the distractor experiment are presented in Table 3 (Refer to Appendix C). The digits were presented on a slide each; one at a time for three seconds. Procedure The instructions were given by the experimenter, which in this case, is the tutor of the class. Once all the participants were all seated at a table, they were asked avoid any sort of implement to help record the words, and were asked to remember as many words that appeared as they could. The PowerPoint and the tutor notified the students when the words were going to appear. Once the last word was reached, the tutor as well as the PowerPoint notified the students that it was the end. The distraction task began after the last word appeared. This task had a designated time for 1 minute and began with a slide of the PowerPoint that included instructions that were also read out by the tutor. The participants were required to indicate whether the numbers changing on the board were odd or even on a supplied response sheet (Refer to Appendix D). Results for this task were then checked. At the end of this instruction, the response sheet for recalling the words was supplied. It was asked of the students to write down as many words of the first task as they could with a time allowance of 4 minutes. To check what words they remembered, they were given a scoring sheet in which they could tick off the words they correctly recalled. Once the 4 minutes were over, the students compared their recalled words with a scoring sheet (Refer to Appendix B). The number of correctly recalled ‘animate’ and ‘inanimate’ words, were added and the total for each was written down. Additional information like their age and ge nder was also collected. Only the scoring sheets for the word recalling task were handed up to the tutor. Results The amount of which each word was recalled is presented in Table 2 (Appendix A). The total number of words correctly recalled for both animate and inanimate categories are in Table 1. The raw data in both these tables shows that in this experiment, more of the animate words were remembered than the inanimate words. It was also noted in Table 1, that in regards to the serial position effect, the first 6 words, were more remembered than the last 6, and the last 6 were more remembered than the middle 12. This table also shows that the animate words were more remembered in each serial position class except the first 6, where the inanimate words were remembered 19.4 more times than the animate. The serial position effect is evident in Figure 1, where more words were correctly recalled in the first and last 6 for both animate and inanimate words. Table 1 Total No. of Words Recalled. Figure 1. No. of words recalled for each serial position class. Discussion This experiment has supported the theory that animacy is a mnemonic dimension as more animate words were more correctly recalled than inanimate words. In this study, the aim was to find whether animacy was a mnemonic in which it is easier to remember than inanimate words. The prediction that animate words are more remembered than inanimate words came from the evolutionary perspective where humans remember animate stimuli over inanimate stimuli because it was helpful for survival and reproduction. This experiment showed that animate words were more correctly recalled than inanimate words. The theoretical basis of this prediction was from work done by Nairne et al. (2013), in which they stated that animate words would be more easily recalled due to the fact that they helped humans survive and reproduce. Although buffer words were used to control the primacy and recency effect, the results still show that the first and last few words were more remembered than those that appeared in the middle of the list. Likewise with the distractor task, it was put into place to control maintenance rehearsal but the results still show that the last few words were more remembered than the words in the middle. This however may be explained with the last few words easily being stored in the short-term memory (Wiswede, et al. 2007). A methodological concern with this experiment could be that the tutors were different throughout the classes and may have altered the instructions, this could include longer time on a word. Along with this, another concern could be that the participants could have written down words that they didn’t actually remember. These could have compromised the eternal validity affect the end result in measuring animacy as a mnemonic device. From this information, further research can be done to find if there are differences in memory within social demographics and improve knowledge on mnemonics. References Dickel, M. J. (1983). Principles of encoding mnemonics. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 57(1), 111-118. doi: 10.2466/pms.1983.57.1.111 Foster, J. K., Wilson, A. C. (2005). A refined model of sleep and the time course of memory formation. Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 28(1), 71-72. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X05290027 Nairne, J. S., VanArsdall, J. E., Pandeirada, J. N. S., Cogdill, M., LeBreton, J. M. (2013). Adaptive memory: The mnemonic value of animacy. Psychological Science, 24(10), 2099-2105. doi: 10.1177/0956797613480803 Wiswede, D., Russeler, J., Munte, T. F. (2007). Serial position effects in free memory recall—An ERP-study. Biological Psychology, 75(2), 185-193. doi: doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.02.002 Appendix A Table 2 List of word type and presentation order Appendix B SCORING SHEET 1001PSY Mt Gravatt Memory of animate vs inanimate words experiment worksheet Scoring Sheet Age:_____________ Gender:____________ Appendix C Table 3 List of Numbers from Distraction Task Appendix D ODD EVEN RESPONSE SHEET 1001PSY Mt Gravatt 1001PSY MG Introduction to Cognitive and Biological Psychology Odd-Even Task Worksheet Please tick (à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¼) whether the displayed number is either odd of even