How Language Shapes Thought

Shaped by Language: What Comes First the Thought or the Language Language, due to its specific properties, is one aspect that makes human beings unique in comparison to other animals and species. The fact that different languages can alter the way we perceive the world, and objects we view. From the perception of space, time and even nouns, languages changes the way we think. Countless studies show that linguistic processes effect even down to the most fundamental thought processes, which unconsciously shapes our brain altering perception.Language is important to how we deal with experience with each other and how we view the world. Consequently, some cognitive psychologists believe that language may influence thought processes. Because of changing unpredictable of human’s thinking in different cultures, it is difficult to define effects of a particular language on a particular thought pattern. The question of language and thought has been debated constantly similar to the age -old question of what came first the chicken or the egg. Drawing on our experiences we must contemplate the original theory that language shapes thought.The hypothesis introduced by Benjamin Whorf, which is known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis or linguistic determination has stood the test of time and is a beginning to any debate about language and thought. He believed that our thoughts are completely limited by our language. A strong quote by Benjamin Whorf suggests that, â€Å"We cut nature up, organize it into concepts, and ascribe significances as we do, largely because we are parties to an agreement to organize it in this way–an agreement that holds throughout our speech community and is codified in the patterns of our language† (Whorf 213-14).This allows me to believe language is basically the need for a given group of people to communicate with each other. Another question to ask when thinking about language is what came first, man or language? The size of oneâ⠂¬â„¢s world can shape the size of their vocabulary. Given that man preceded language, every culture shaped different languages according to their specific environments and needs. Resulting in that language is a human cultural that as a nation one helps to make evolve.Not only does their own language shape the culture, but also the interaction with other cultures. Language is a force that allows humans to create ties that bind into a community, providing them social, individual, or cultural identification. In James Baldwin text, â€Å"If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me What Is,† he refers language to being an unparalleled power by stating, â€Å"Language is also a political instrument, means and proof of power. It is the most vivid and crucial key to identity† (242).Baldwin draws points of language’s importance to the experience of the African slaves. Having no common language, the slaves were unable to communicate with one another. They evol ved a language, which they used to articulate their familiar experience and shaped their own community. The African Americans evolved a dialect of English that enabled them to describe their reality and establish their own distinct cultural identity. It is controversial how the humans think by figures or by concepts.In general, it is clear that thinking happens via ideas and imagination, which are expressed by words, and organized in speech. Sciences claim that thinking and language are so related, that changes in languages can organize thoughts, ideas, imaginations and human actions. The word â€Å"macho† shows the difference between thought and the language spoken in both English and Spanish. The essay â€Å"Americanization Is Tough on ‘Macho’† written by Rose Del Castillo Guibault examines the cultural differences behind one certain word.When referring to a Hispanic who is â€Å"macho† resembles that he is a responsible, hardworking man in charge . Even though the language and the word is the same the thought is different in English. The American macho has a negative reference meaning to the word such as: brute, uncouth, loud, abrasive, and a chauvinist (238). When language is used in the normal way, the speaker has a thought with certain content and chooses words such that on the basis of those words the listener will be able to recognize that the speaker has a thought with that content.This example reiterates that once words and phrases supporting particular notions and thinking have been formed, they have the effect of embedding those notions and thoughts firmly and therefore becoming cultural norms. Accepting the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in its â€Å"strong† form that language completely determines thought can be hard for any individual. Taking in the opposing views can show other avenues of the language and thought theory. Just as the chicken and egg question we as humans cannot know everything, or should know ever ything. Some things are left open for interpretation and personal views.So a more limited Whorfianism, that states that â€Å"the ways in which we see the world may be ‘influenced’ rather than completely determined by the kind of language we use, in particular our language can affect that we remember and what we find it easy to pay attention to† (Chandler). As humans continue to grow on this earth our environment shape languages and languages shapes you as your instrument for thought. Work Cited Baldwin, James C. (1979). â€Å"If Black English Isn’t a Language, Then Tell Me, What is? † The New York Times, July 29, 1979 by the New York Times Company Chandler, David. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. † The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. N. p. , 18 Sept. 1995. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. . Guilbault, Rose Del Castillo. â€Å"Americanization Is Tough on ‘Macho’† About Language: A Reader for Writers. 5th Ed. Eds. William H. Roberts and Gregoire Turge on. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. 238-39. Whorf, B. L. (1940): ‘Science and Linguistics', Technology Review 42(6): 229-31, 247-8. Also in B. L. Whorf (1956): Language, Thought and Reality (ed. J. B. Carroll). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Chemistry In our Daily Life

Chemistry is a big part of your everyday life. You find chemistry in daily life in the foods you eat, the air you breathe, your soap, your emotions and literally every object you can see or touch. We live in a world of matter. From the food that sustains our lives to various objects that have built up our physical culture, everything is made up of matter. The human body itself is a mixture of matter of differing types. The humans who used materials obtained from nature for centuries, later made new materials out of these to suit their needs.Now the humans have thousand of materials for their use – both natural and human made. The ability that humans acquired to make new materials from natural materials is the basis of human progress. When the structure of the material world and the nature of physical and chemical changes in them were studied, humans were able to make new materials and to control their different properties. The development of chemistry made this progress possib le. The contribution of chemistry to fields like, agriculture, industries, health care, food industry, habitat, transport and research has been invaluable.1. You feel hungry because of the satiety center in your brain falls short of particular hormones to function and then sends the signal of hunger.2. If you have wondered, why is the sky blue, it is due to a phenomenon called the â€Å"Rayleigh scattering†, which depends on scattering of light through particles which are much smaller than the wavelength. Hence when light passes through gases, there is scattering and the sky appears blue.3. Coffee keeps you awake because of the presence of a chemical called adenosine, in your brain. It binds to certain receptors and slows the nerve cell activity when sleep is signaled.4. Anaerobic fermentation is also a great concept which is present in the chemistry of everyday life. It is present in yogurt, breads, cakes and many other baking products. It is the multiplication of certain us eful bacteria which increase the size of the food and make it more filling and soft.5. Soap is formed by molecules with a â€Å"head† which likes water (hydrophilic) and a long chain which hates it (hydrophobic).6. Lactose is the main complex sugar found in the milk. It's a pretty big compound formed by two smaller components: glucose and galactose. Such a big compound cannot get through the intestinal wall and into the bloodstream, so we need â€Å"something† to break it into smaller pieces. This â€Å"something† is an enzime named lactase. The more milk and milk products we consume, the more lactase we need.7. The iodised salt is a necessary intake. It prevents a disease called goitre.8. In the garden we use sprays to kill insects from attacking our plants.9. Vermiwash is a liquid fertilizer. It isused as a leaf spray.10. Elements in the Human BodyYour body is made up of chemical compounds, which are combinations of elements. While you probably know your body is mostly water, which is hydrogen and oxygen. Most of the human body is made up of water, H2O, with cells consisting of 65-90% water by weight. Therefore, it isn't surprising that most of a human body's mass is oxygen. Carbon, the basic unit for organic molecules, comes in second. 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of just six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus.11. The medicines which we use to cure diseases is produced with the help of chemisty.Chemistry has a major role in our lives.Chemistry In Everyday LifeOur entire universe is made up of matter which is constantly changing forms and evolving into other forms of energy. Chemistry is defined as the study or science of this ever changing matter. The other sciences which we study commonly like biology, physics and mathematics are all dependent on chemistry and are known as specific studies under the elaborate subject of chemistry. Since there is chemistry seen in biological forms as we ll as physical states of nature, there are subjects called biochemistry and physical chemistry which help study these changes. There are many chemical changes which occur around us everyday but we are never aware of them.Chemistry in Everyday Life Examples:1) Water, which occupies 70% of the earth's surface is made by two chemical elements, hydrogen and oxygen.2) Soap is an emulsifier which allows oil and water to mix and so the oily mixtures on body and clothes can be removed after application of soap and water.3) Chemistry in everyday life for kids can also include why vegetables are colored. Colored vegetables consist of chemical compounds called carotenoids which have an area known as the chromophore. It absorbs certain wavelengths of light and thus there are colored vegetables.4) Food is cooked because of the steam that's present either in the water added or that which is present inside the food items.5) Onions make you cry due to the presence of sulfur in the cells which break after the onions are cut. This sulfur gets mixed with moisture and thus irritates your eyes.6) Polymers: Cotton is the material used for the manufacture of clothes for our daily use. Clothes are made by weaving together thick strands that are obtained by twisting together delicate fibres. Different kinds of fibres are utilized for different purposes. In modern times, we have been able to make substances that are similar, and with better qualities with the help of chemistry.

Proctor and Gamble Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proctor and Gamble - Essay Example The products of choice in this paper are Ariel and pampers. Ariel is a cleaning agent while pampers is a personal care product which is applicable mostly to babies to protect them of baby rashes as a result of wetting themselves. The products have been launched in various countries with the aim of diversifying the marketability and scope. Ariel soaps and detergents target all households including offices (WHITE, 2009)). Both high end and low end customers are targeted. The new products for Ariel and Pampers will be launched into the maturing market considering the fact they have been in existence for some time. P & G faces several threats from other companies such as Unilever and Henkel which are firms that are growing very fast. However, there are various opportunities which prevail such as the strong marketing mechanisms that the firm uses and its reputation which makes its product very firm and stable (HOLLIS, 2010).). Price sensitivity of pampers and Ariel detergents Ariel and Pa mpers products are all less sensitive to price. This is because each company has the liberty to sell its product at the price it desires given the different materials required to make the product. The other competitors such as Johnson and Johnson, Unilever have their own products which do compete with the case products hence it can price them according to their own estimation. Product Cost Estimate The product is estimated to be priced according to the size or quantity offered to the customers. It should be noted that Ariel and pampers comes in various sizes and quantities to be able to distribute to various market niches according to the demand in place. It is therefore, important to note that Pampers falls in various sizes and quality similar to Ariel which also falls in different quantities (AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO, 2011). Variable Costs The variable cost in the manufacturing of Ariel is the cost of raw materials which vary due to the economic conditions prevailing in the Un ited Kingdom. Other variable costs include the costs of transportation, the costs incurred on payroll of senior management, costs of floating shares on the stock exchange (HOLLIS, 2010; 33.). Fixed Costs Some of the main fixed costs include; the costs of insurance, costs of advertisement and the costs related to distribution of the products within the country. Other fixed costs include; the cost of utilities such as electricity, water and communications. These costs can be predetermined in advance before costing the products ((KAPFERER, 2008; p. 79). Cost leadership aspects of the products In an attempt to beat rivalry in the market and the increasing level of threats in the market, the company puts more emphasis utilization of the economies of scale. This is because of the high fixed costs incurred in the manufacturing sector which is required to be spread throughout the numerous units (CHERUNILAM, 2010; p. 57). By pulling down the costs incurred per unit cost of the product the ul timate product is then sold at a lower price which fosters the company’s competitiveness in the market (KAPFERER, 2008; p. 79). Market Price The market price is determined by the law of demand and the competitors’ quality of products. The market price of pampers and Ariel depends highly on the consumer preferences and tastes and according to the level of income. The products might have a higher price due to quality but the population does not have the cash to buy the products (DYER, DALZELL & OLEGARIO, 2004; p. 227). Break Even Analysis The breakeven analysis of Ariel and pampers arises when costs of production is exactly equal to the revenue acquired from the sales of the products (Drury, 2008; 2006). At this point the sales revenue equals the

Legal Procedures Alternative Dispute Resolution Essay - 1

Legal Procedures Alternative Dispute Resolution - Essay Example There is also one sure thing about the use of a mediator in the solving of a conflict. One party might decide not to reveal the true happening. In this case, the patient or the hospital report might just be presented so as to favour or hide the truth of the happenings. Meditation can also come with the disadvantage of failing to bring the case to a conclusion hence it would have wasted time. It is always very important for a case to be handled or assessed early. The first and most critical part of a judgment is normally early assessment of the happening. In another case the, the plaintiff, in this case, the patient might fail to keep their word on what the conclusion might have been. Out of dissatisfaction, they might press charges later. A legal precedent can also not be set in the case the patient, in particular, fails to keep the word they might have stated. However much mediation comes with some challenges it is much better than litigation.Unlike in meditation, negotiation does n ot involve a third party but can be used to resolve a conflict between two parties instead of filling a lawsuit. It is undoubtedly the most flexible and transparent form of conflict resolution.Both of the parties are able to set out exactly what they may want in order to solve the conflict. In this case the patient might present a document that states what they want in form of compensation and the hospital management can sit down and negotiate on the same in order to solve the conflict that is there. This means that the chances of a reasonable agreement that would solve the conflict are higher. Negotiations also come with the advantage of not being mandatory. In the event the hospital or the patient feels that they do not want to negotiate then they are at liberty to do so.Negotiations come further with the advantage of not allowing the involvement of a third party. In some cases the third part might be bias and the conclusion that they might come up with might not favor both partie s.Conclusions that will be made under negotiation will not have to be conclusions that are under the law.

The view on 'a management revolution' presented by Gary Hamel Essay

The view on 'a management revolution' presented by Gary Hamel - Essay Example Proper management is essential if organizations are to run effortlessly and achieve their purposes. It is through management that humankind has grown tremendously over the years. However, the tools of management on which this model is built have been in use since the 19th century, with a few changes if any While organizations remain stagnated on this old management model, the business environment, and the entire world, has fully revolutionized (Chizema & Kim, 109, 2010). Since the business environment continues to change, managing continuity should be imperative to all organizations to develop a connection between the realities of past, present, and future (Kolb, 183, 2003). With markets opening beyond national borders, and business processes becoming faster and more flexible, business organizations have been forced to adapt to a model more suitable for the 21st century (Burgelman & Grove, 965, 2007). However, Gary Hamel (2009) calls for an entire revolutionary change of the current management model. In his article entitled ‘Moon shots for management’, he says, â€Å"The evolution of management has traced a classic S-curve,† and goes on to argue that a new management model must be invented for the new age. New challenges The current management model is vertically structured with precisely defined roles for every level and is guided by set rules and procedures (Pye & Pettigrew, 153, 2005). In the current business environment, effective change is achieved when a firm has an organized pattern of decisions that guide deployment of resources in response to environmental changes (strategy) and a mechanism that turns this strategy into output (organization) (Nadler &Tushman, 204, 1989). Overcoming challenges entail changing the entire organizational culture by setting new goals, visions, missions, values, and strategies (Sisaye, 176, 2000).Even though culture is complicated, differentiated and difficult to control, it should be manipulated to encom pass a deep level of unconscious basic assumptions manifested in shared values, beliefs, behaviors, and creations (Harris and Ogbonna, 32, 2002). In order to overcome these challenges, Hamel postulates that business executives â€Å"must face the fact that â€Å"tomorrow’s business imperatives lay outside the performance envelope of today’s bureaucracy-infused management practices.† . Little is known about the strategy making processes at the top level of companies (Dewally & Peck, 38, 2010). A broader insight into the leadership structure of a company is needed as part of a broader attempt to remodel management (Pye & Pettigrew, 28, 2005). In organizations, governance and decision-making is dependent on bargaining between the board of directors and CEO. This is characterized by covert and overt use of power and influence (Daily, Dalton & Canella 2003). This drive should be towards an open, inclusive, and democratic organizational form (Mintzberg, 43, 1994). Th e top management executives should adopt an inclusive management style (Liedtka, 120, 1998). The Moon Shots In May 2008, Gary outlined 25 critical points that he felt should be adopted by business organizations as a way of reinventing management to better suit the present. Hamel was keen to point out that these moon shots were not exhaustive. From the moon shots, companies first have to redefine their goals. Clear redefinition of goals must encompass building human capital and engendering employee engagement (Davenport & Larding, 259, 2010). With the current management set up, companies are encouraged to adopt management practices that are socially beneficial. Today’s corporate governance structures promote the interests of some groups while oppresses others. In many cases, the senior executives and the shareholders benefit while employees and the local communities suffer (Zerbe, Hartel & Ashkanasy, 149, 2008). This is due to existence of a large gap between leadership and ch ange management. These leaders have a high charismatic

China's economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

China's economy - Essay Example When per capita income is measured in terms of purchasing power, it has gone up by three times – as per the International Monetary Fund, from $2800 in 2002 to almost $9100 in 2012. That is certainly a commendable achievement by any standard! China is now no more a poor country but is placed in the middle-income bracket. China became a member of World Trade Organization in 2001 and that gave a big boost to Chinese exports. Chinese exports grew by average 30% between 2002 and 2007 making it the worlds largest exporter then. In exports, China holds 10% of the global market. Real estate contributed significantly in the GDP growth after 1998 when the establishment opened the market. Between 2002 and 2010, real estate of China registered average growth of 17%. That has now gone down to almost 12 % due to controls enforced by the government. All said and done, the moot question is whether China will be able to maintain such spectacular growth in the years ahead. China is more poised to follow a well-known economic principle – the law of diminishing returns that with each unit of fixed investment, the marginal return declines meaning each fresh unit of capital will produce less output than the previous one. In other words, to maintain same growth, the country needs to invest higher and hiher capital each year. China is now integrated with the world economy. Post 2008 financial crisis, China is unable to push more exports to the developed world due to large scale unemployment that prevails with stagnating GDP numbers . Export growth rates for China will be declining in the years ahead compared to what has been registered in the first decade of new millenium. That leaves little scope for China to maintain 10% GDP growth in the years ahead. Chinas cost advantage in the world market is declining rapidly because its average wage rates have gone up four times since 2000. Moreover,

Pricing strategy of ipos and what are the reason behind failure in Essay

Pricing strategy of ipos and what are the reason behind failure in ipos in india - Essay Example I am aware of the policy on plagiarism and can understand its implications. I can produce a hard copy of this assignment as when demanded by the University. The Dissertation entitled Under Pricing and After Market Performance- a Study on Indian Initial Public Offering is the outcome of my sole effort with the advice and help of many. First I am grateful to the Almighty for the endless help and enthusiasm extended to me completing the work in time. I am also thankful to my Professor (Name here) for his/her valuable supervision and advice for producing a quality work. Next, I am indebted to each and every friend of mine for the help and enthusiasm they extended to me for completing the work without much difficulty. I am also grateful to University (Name of the university) for the help and learning environment extended to me for studying and preparing a dissertation on finance. Finally, I would like to thank my parents for the warm influence and love which ha been a source of inspiration for me for the successful completion of the work. The work entitled under pricing and after market performance- A study on Indian Initial Public Offering is an attempt to examine the important determinants of under pricing and analyse the behaviour of initial public offering return and after market performance in Indian context. The researcher takes a sample of 20 Indian Initial Public Offering listed on both Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE). The samples are selected on a certain conditions to ensure the authenticity of the data collected and the generalisations arrived at after the completion of the work. Many research studies have been undertaken in the field of market under pricing and long rum market performance. Many of them came out with results that under pricing are a common phenomenon in the stock market IPO and the long term performance of common stock is exactly in

Global Marketing The UK food or drink product or brand must not be Essay

Global Marketing The UK food or drink product or brand must not be currently available in the selected market - Essay Example The company primary founders of the organization are John Wrigh, Adam Balcon, Richard Reed and Maurice Pinto (Wiggins, 2005). At the time of inception, the company had begun to operate with very few employees and possessed limited hierarchy in business. It should be noted that the organization does not own any personal juicing facilities. The corporation just contracts the vocation of mechanized smoothies to different sites. The founders of the company had commenced the business only after analyzing the emerging market demand of smootheis across all economies. With the essence of its superior products and marketing skills, the Innocent Drinks have experienced rising revenue from both its domestic and foreign markets. It at present owns the widest market demand share for smoothies in London. However, the organization is facing monetary crunches in business and has hence joined hands with Coca Cola only for financing purposes. At present Coca Cola owns 90% stake of Innocent Drinks but its commercial strategies and policies for international are considered and determined by its own senior management officials (Lucas, 2013). Thus, the marketing official of the company ensures that any new foreign business expansion program is viable and rational. This is because; raising money for unproductive projects would become non feasible and challenging for the officials. Innocent Drinks had never resisted expending its business in new markets, despite of facing numerous financial problems in commerce. Previously, the company had expanded its trade in some international markets by distributing its products in the new marketplaces through giant multinational supermarket chains like Tesco and Sainsbury. The main markets of the company are Ireland and U.K. Almost 90% revenue of the firm is acquired from the sales in these two economies. However, overtime the company has successfully entered within the markets of Netherlands, Belgium, France and Luxembourg

Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Politics - Essay Example The fundamental ideas in liberalism were expressed by Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. The two believe that the governed are the ones who have and retain the sovereign power. Liberals in the 19th century urged the end of state in the economic life of society. Liberal theorists agreed with Adam Smith that economic systems that are based on free markets are more efficient, and that they generate more wealth than those that are partly state-controlled. The Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America resulted in great inequalities in wealth and other social problems. Looking for solutions to these problems, liberals advocated for limited government intervention in the market and for the creation of government funded services e.g. free public education and health insurance. Further expansion of social welfare programs occurred in America after World War II. The presence of economic stagnation in the late 1970s, made the classical liberals more vocal in their position favoring free mark ets. Liberals consider the government as tasked with removing obstacles that prevent individuals from living freely or from fully realizing their potential. These obstacles include poverty, disease, discrimination and ignorance. In the United States, liberalism is associated with the welfare-state policies of the New Deal Programme of the Democratic administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. According to McGowan, American liberalism is different from its European and English counterparts because established religion, an entrenched aristocracy, and an absolutist state never gained a serious foothold in the American colonies. Similarly,

Difficult and Glorious History of Boeing 747 Research Paper

Difficult and Glorious History of Boeing 747 - Research Paper Example Boeing 747-100 Iran development of 747 occurred during the rapid growth of air traffic in the 60's. Boeing 707, which dominated at that time in the U.S. airline market, already struggling to cope with the increasing flow of passengers. Prior to that, the Boeing Corporation has worked to develop a large transport aircraft for the U.S. Army, but then lost the draft Corporation Lockheed - C-5 Galaxy. â€Å"Nevertheless, the most loyal Boeing customer - the airline Pan American - has developed requirements for the giant passenger plane which was supposed to be more "707" twice. In 1966, the Corporation introduced a new configuration of the aircraft, the designation "747". Initially, the project is a fully double-deck aircraft, but with this configuration, there were some difficulties, and the scheme was abandoned in favor of the "hump". From the first series of 100 aircraft, Pan Am ordered 25. Hess, R. A., and Wells, S. R. At that time it was thought that such giants will soon be superseded by supersonic aircraft. Therefore, the "747" was originally developed as a transport aircraft. Over time, it was planned even a complete refurbishment of all aircraft into freighters. The cockpit was placed on the upper deck specifically to be able to convert the nose of the plane in the cargo ramp. It was assumed that the market does not need more than 400 aircraft of this type, however, despite the criticism and tough competition in 1993, was built thousand aircraft. Only in the first decade of XXI century sales "747" began to fall. Construction of aircraft has been associated with some difficulties: the Boeing plant did not have capabilities to produce such huge aircraft. To do this in a small town Everett, Washington had built a new factory, which became home to a new family of aircraft. Company Pratt & Whitney has developed a huge turbofan engine with a high pass ratio - JT9D, which was originally used exclusively for the "747". In order to improve safety and flying qualities of aircraft on the "747" were set back four hydraulic systems and slotted flaps, which are allowed to use the aircraft on the runways of standard length.

The Principles of Plating Essay Example for Free

The Principles of Plating Essay There are no hard and fast rules to determine how a dish is to be plated, but there are standards and guidelines that have been proven to work. Balance is the key element to success in the creation of any dish and that element applies to many areas of the plating process as well. Achieving Balance: Proteins, Starches and Vegetables * One primary consideration when putting together a dish is nutritional balance. * It has long been stated that a nutritionally balanced plate contains a protein, a starch, and a vegetable. The old standard of protein, vegetable, and starch has been broken down further to emphasize lean cuts of meat, starches that are high in fiber, and vegetables that are prepared in a way that does not diminish their nutritive value. Recently, protein was believed to be the most important part of a dish and should therefore be the predominant componentmaking up 50 percent of the overall plate. Consider Taste and Texture * In plating, texture and taste are each important to consider. A well balanced dish might feature one main flavor, but that should be complemented by other flavors that are intended to accent and enhance. * Texture is another component to factor in and a well thought out dish has more than one texture. The multiple textures in a dish should play off of and enhance each other. Pretty Plating Pays Off * Visual appeal is another thing to consider. * A good chef envisions how a dish is going to be plated long before the food actually gets to the plate. Some chefs go so far as to make a sketch of a dish when they begin to conceptualize it, which assists them in determining what is needed to make a dish visually enticing. Important factors to consider, as follows: * How food is placed on the plate greatly influences how the dish is received by the diner. * A plate of food should look full and satisfying, but should never appear overflowing or sloppy. * Leaving a little bit of space between items helps a plate to look clean and uncluttered. * The spacing of the food, the height of various items on a plate can offer some nice visual appeal. Giant towers of food are overly contrived and impossible to navigate. * Flat, one dimensional plates are boring and offer little in the way of appeal. * The concept of balance comes into play and it might be a good idea to have certain items on a plate mounded higher or molded into shapes in order to offer contrast to other items the a plate. * When balance, based on nutrition; flavor; texture; and appearance is factored into the creation of a dish, you are presenting a plate of food that is appealing to the diner from all angles.

Contradicting Notions of the Public Sphere Essay Example for Free

Contradicting Notions of the Public Sphere Essay The notion of Public Sphere by Jurgen Habermas is representative of the social realities of his country. In the same way, Nancy Fraser’s comment on Habermas’s Public Sphere reflects the society she is in. Therefore, their notions of Public Sphere contradict due to their different backgrounds. Considering this idea, readers should consider the backgrounds of the two authors in analyzing their concepts. In analyzing the notion of Public Sphere in the view of Habermas, let us consider the economic situation of Germany. On the one hand, we can say that Habermas’s notion of public is comprised of individuals who have enough food, shelter, clothing, education, employment, or other means of living.   Germany is a stable country, considering its GNP, and small population. On the other hand, the United States is resided by people of different backgrounds, from the poor, the average, up to the rich and wealthy, the Whites, the Blacks, and other migrants, etc. These people who comprise the population of America dictate to Fraser her notion of the public sphere. Considerably, Habermas’s concept of Public Sphere is very ideal. Its idealism actually makes it delimiting of the public it addresses. We can say that the public Habermas portrays or uses to conceptualize his thoughts is basically European. It does not consider the marginalized, the oppressed, or simply those who are experiencing sufferings and demarcation, such as the women, the uneducated, the unemployed or the multicultural population. In conceiving the public sphere as private people coming together as a public, debating over some publicly relevant topics, Habermas was thinking of unity and understanding among the sectors of the public. As such, there is nothing wrong with his ideas of voicing out public opinion within the Public Sphere; in fact it would be beneficial to both the government and the people. Habermas gives an account of the elements necessary to form a democratic country. He addresses this as the bourgeois Public Sphere, which has four primary elements. This sphere, he claims, entirely disregards status, and gives opportunity for everyone to share in the discussion. In other words, he proposes an inclusive Public sphere. Additionally, the discussion within the Public Sphere should address socio -political problems that need to be solved. Habermas considers the evolution of the public sphere he conceptualizes. It started with the bourgeois discussing in coffee shops, salons, and other familiar places. It later comprised the media, as the bourgeois in the 18th century established printing press, news companies, etc. Further consideration of this point suggests the use of media resources for gaining and expressing public opinion, which later limited the said public sphere to those in power. On the contrary, Fraser considers the notion of having the Public Sphere comprised of individuals from all walks of life. She claims that what Habermas proposes is not inclusive, but rather exclusive of those who are educated, and well-to-do. It therefore marginalizes the poor from the rich, and discriminates, in a way, the women and the multicultural individuals. She further argues that it is impossible to claim inclusiveness as marginalized groups are not considered part of the universal public. They themselves formed their own public spheres, which the author termed as counterpublics. She further offers a modern conception of the hegemonic public sphere, which opens up the political realm to everyone. She states that rather than ruling by power, there is now rule by the majority. To deal with the hegemonic domination, repressed groups form into Subaltern counterpublics to represent those who share their ideologies. The marginalized have learned to express themselves, and are working together toward a certain goal. Both authors have their good notions of the Public Sphere. Each works for the common good of the people. In Habermas, we can see that the Public Sphere he proposes is a way to resolve problems in the government and economy of a certain country. In addition, he proposes a body that watches over the public, an organized group of individuals who aim for an honest and successful governance. In her paper, Fraser shares the view that people have formed a Public Sphere that recognizes and represents every individual. She formulates that this sphere would be more representative of the people as it listens and learns from the marginalized sector in society. She disagrees with Habermas that regarding forming a public sphere of the knowledgeable, the more privileged.   In evaluating these two views, we must remember to consider the perspective of the authors. As mentioned above, Habermas who came from Germany may have only considered the society he was exposed to, in coming up with his own notion of Public Sphere. In contrast, Fraser who was exposed to multiculturalism in America may have applied her views in the Public Sphere she proposed. As such, the two authors came up with contradicting beliefs, since they had conflicting societies. Works Cited Habermas, Jà ¼rgen. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. (English Translation). Cambridge Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1989. Alterity. 13 February 2005. Retrieved 25 March 2008 http://www.zephoria.org/alterity/archives/2005/02/nancy_fraser_re.html. Fraser, Nancy. Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy. Social Text 25 (26): 56-80. Duke University Press, 1990.

Reality Therapy: A Case Study

Reality Therapy: A Case Study Reality Therapy is a therapeutic approach that focuses on problem solving and making better choices in order to achieve specific goals. Reality Therapy was developed by Dr. William Glasser, and its primary intention is to focus on the here and now, rather than the past. Reality Therapy is intended to solve problems, rebuild connections and work towards a better future. The author of this paper chose to do an overview of Reality Therapy, and apply Reality Therapy to a case study. Throughout the textbook was no less than ten different types of therapy theories, and reality Therapy struck the author as a potentially effective way to treat clients experiencing various issues that prompt him/her to seek counseling. The case study involves a man named Chad. Chad is a middle aged man with two children at home. Chad has a difficult time in his relationship with his wife and children. Chad also has difficulty communicating and relating to members of his immediate family. Reality therapists believe the underlying problem of most clients is the same: they are either involved in a present unsatisfying relationship or lack what could even be called a relationship (Corey, 2009, 2013, p335). Reality Therapy is tied very closely with Choice Therapy (both from William Glasser) and while Choice Therapy explains why and how we function, Reality Therapy provides a delivery system for helping individuals take more effective control of their lives (Corey, G. (2009,2013, p336). The textbook states, Contemporary Reality Therapy focuses quickly on the unsatisfying relationship or the lack of the relationship, which is often the cause for clients problems (Corey, 2009, 2013 p338). William Glasser is the leading contributor to Reality Therapy. Educated initially as a chemical engineer, Glasser became interested in Psychology and ultimately Psychiatry. Glasser was certified in Psychiatry in 1961, following his studies at the Veterans Administration and UCLA in Los Angeles. Glasser maintained a private practice from 1957-1986 (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 334). Glasser was influenced by a fellow Psychiatrist and mentor named G.L. Harrington. Harrington believed in getting his patients involved in projects in the real world, and by the end of his residency, Glasser began to put together ideas that would later be known as Reality Therapy (Corey, 2009, 2013, p334). The following are some of the key terms and key concepts of Reality Therapy: View of Human Nature Choice Therapy posits that we are not born blank slates waiting to be externally motivated by forces in the world around us. Rather we are born with five genetically encoded needs that drive us all our lives: survival, love and belonging, power, freedom and fun (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 336). Choice Therapy Explanation of Behavior Glasser did not like the terms depress, having a headache, being upset or angry. He preferred to think of it as rather than being depressed, we are depressing, we are upsetting, etc (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 337). Characteristics of Reality Therapy Reality Therapy generally attempts to bring the focus immediately to unsatisfying relationships or the lack thereof. This is the reason for many who seek out professional counseling. Therapists engaged in Reality Therapy typically do not listen very long to complaining, blaming and/or criticizing. Therapists believe these are the most ineffective models of behavior. Here are some of the underlying characteristics of Reality Therapy: Emphasize Choice and Responsibility, Reject Transference, Keep the Therapy in the Present, Avoid focusing on Symptoms, and Challenge Traditional Views of Mental Illness (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 338-340). Chad scheduled an appointment for counseling and came to the first session with some issues he is having with his relationship with his wife. The two of them have not been communicating very effectively lately, and this has caused some difficulties within his relationship. His complaints are that his wife just does not understand him like she once did. She does not meet his emotional needs, she is no longer engaging in topics of his interest, and although they continue to live in the same home together, he is growing into a feeling of detachment with his wife. As a therapist utilizing Reality Therapy in our sessions, I would want to help Chad recognize that focusing on his past will not benefit him in his future hopes of a satisfying relationship with his wife. I would want him to understand that he can take control of his feelings and his behavior that will ultimately help him in both his present and future relationship with his spouse. I would also want Chad to see that rather than expressing his feelings as being depressed, it would be better for him to say his feelings were depressing. In our session the first thing I would want to build would be a relationship with Chad. I would want to assure him that I am not there to hurt him, but to help him. I would want Chad to feel comfortable in sharing some things with me as his counselor. Building a relationship with him would be vital to further sessions as we work together on improving his perception of his relationship. I would then seek to implement procedures that would help Chad begin to change his behavior. The author of the textbook made the following interesting observation: The art of counseling is to weave these components together in ways that lead clients to evaluate their lives and decide to move in more effective directions (Corey, 2009, 2013, p 342). The counseling experience begins with an exploration into the clients needs, wants and/or perceptions. I would want Chad to explore ways in which he feels he could change. He may consider looking at ways in which he can alter his behavior. I would want Chad to see that if his behavior is not getting him what he wants, I would help him see that only he can change his behavior (Corey, 2009, 2013). I would ask Chad to explain what he is doing when he feels this detachment from his wife. What are his actions when he feels that he is having trouble communicating with his wife? If Chad is distracted by someone else; another woman perhaps, I would want Chad to determine if she may be the cause of his feelings of detachment. If Chad is ignoring his wifes communication and not paying attention to her emotional needs, I would ask him to determine if he can think of ways in which he could give her the attention she needs. I may encourage Chad to suggest to his wife that they spend the first 30 minutes after they both get in from work and just express to one another how their day was, any important information that needs to be exchanged between the two of them, what they need from each other in the present, and any future needs they may have. I would foresee Chad taking the initiative with his wife to ensure that their relationship is strong. If Chad is noticing a difference in their relationship, I am certain she notices it also. By him taking the first steps to change hi behavior, may cause her to be receptive to the changes as well. Chads recognition of the opportunity that rests within himself to change his circumstances may be empowering to him, and therefore serve as motivation to change his current relationship into one that is more productive and satisfying to him. I see Reality Therapy fitting well with my worldview. While I have a worldview that places God at the top and in control of all things, I also see mans responsibility for the choices he makes in his own life. Reality Therapy allows the client to focus on the deliberate choices they have made in life, and it also gives them an opportunity to focus on the results those choices have brought. Proverbs 23:7 states, For as he thinketh in his heart, so is heà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (BibleGateway.com, 2013). I believe God allows man to make choices in his own life, and sometimes those choices carry consequences. As stated before, the counselor must articulate the correct way for the client to (1) see his behavior as it really is, and (2) be willing to take ownership of it and change the behavior. I would want Chad to understand that God is for him and his happiness in life. I would want Chad to see verses in Scripture that support that statement. Verses like Romans 8:31 when Paul said, If God be for us, who can be against us? (BibleGateway.com, 2013). When Chad expresses his doubt of whether or not his wife loves him, and when he expresses his doubts of whether or not he loves himself, and when he even questions whether or not God has given up on him, I would also want him to see a passage found in Romans 8:38-39. Paul states, For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord (BibleGateway.com, 2013). I would want to integrate Scripture and the promises of God into the use of Reality Therapy, and I personally think they blend well together with the potential for p ositive results in Chads life. In conclusion, the author of this paper chose to write of Reality Therapy because he likes the approach the counselor takes with the client. He also favors the approach the client takes in accepting responsibility for his/her own actions. Possibly the what the author likes most about Reality Therapy is the fact that it encourages the client to not simply look to the counselor for answers to fix his/her problem; it encourages the client to work with the counselor to develop a plan to change what has brought him/her to counseling to begin with. Future of Crime Trends: White Collar Crimes Future of Crime Trends: White Collar Crimes It is hard to think about the future of crime trends because current conditions can change rapidly as some criminologist believe that crime rates may eventually rise as the number of teens in the population increases only some of criminologist believe this. I think the age structure of society is one of the most important determinants of crime rates but the economy, technological change and social factors will play an important role in crime rate in the UK. If unemployment continues to increase which will be and more attention will be paid to white collar crime and fraud as a result of the massive business failures in the banking, security and housing industries in recent years. The race and crime conundrum may become less important as crime and victimization. When the economy turns down people who are unemployed will become more motivated to commit theft crimes and that a good economy will reduce the number of crime. The good positive way is a poor economy actually will help lower crime rates because unemployed parents are at home to supervise their children and guard their possessions. Because there is less to spend I think age in crime will effect crime rate in future because teenagers have extremely high crime rates kids who commit a lot of crime early in childhood are also likely to continue to commit crime in their adulthood. CCTV does work and works best when it is used alongside wider strategy of partnership working between the police and councils and local communities to tackle crime in their neighbourhood area. When it comes to the crime prevention the CCTV is the most effective in reducing crime for example in car parks is most effective when targeted at vehicle crimes and it is more effective in reducing crime in the UK than in other countries. The CCTV can increase the public confidence and the public will likely to support Criminal Justice System for example in reporting crime and act as a witness. Also in recent terrorist investigations including 7/7 London bombing and 21/7 and the conviction of Steve Wright for Ipswich murder that CCTV has played a important role in detecting crime and protecting the public when needed. The new crime threat will be cybercrime if things go as they are. This would be any crime that involves an information system and includes ID theft. As technology advances people are going to be more brazen to commit cybercrimes from home Transnational crime organisation will continue to grow in diversity in many regions in the world. Developed countries like England and America will bore affected by TCSs than in the past During the early nineteenth century there was not any race and crime issue. This was not due to lack prejudice or indeed a lack of crime. It was because there were relatively few immigrants living in the UK. Black and lower class populations have the highest rates of street and index crime involvement in the UK. ( ) and Sociological theories argue that the location and experiences in the social environment are responsible for these differences in crime involvement ( ). In an early contribution to the sociology of knowledge DeGre (1995) observed that all science including those disciplines not involved in the study of human society are part of the tertiary institutions of a culture being influenced by the larger constellation of stresses and strains, cultural values, technological accomplishments and needs and overall definitions of life goals that characterize the social group society and world situation in which they are operative. No one comes into the world with criminality in the way in which one is born with a certain colour of eyes and crimes committed by immigrants are more frequently prosecuted than those committed by white people because immigrants are less likely to defend themselves legally and they are less often in a position to secure a good lawyer and they are more promptly sentenced to prison and in the court stages they are likely to plead guilty to drop their sentence to a lower level this is because they are come from a different culture different belief and different laws that they faced in their own countries and there always a language barrier Recent studies have found that black and mixed race 16 to 24 years olds have lower levels of trust in the police and the courts compared to older people. Young black peoples confidence in the criminal justice system is actually low. This emphasis on the police reflects greater contact with police in comparison to other Criminal Justice System agencies and subsequently people are more likely to hold some view about them and also black people have a higher relative risk of being stopped and searched than white people in England and Wales(Jack 1998) studies shown that the stop and searches of black people can be influenced by age for example where the black population in a area is younger than the white population and stop and search powers were predominately used on those people under the age of 25 and also the Stephen Lawrence inquiry report highlighted the problem of disproportionality and indicated the discrimination was a major problem and also this research has actually pointed to racial stereotyping by the police and black people are likely to get stop and search than white people. In Stephen Lawrence case was 18 black students were hoping to become an architect and was fatally stabbed while waiting for the bus that was a racial attack but police investigation failed to bring the killers into justice this had a big influence on black community. There is a media effect on race and ethnicity from TV news and from movies people are getting the wrong ideas on immigrants and religion. Media plays important role here in my opinion media shows the criminal act and report them to the public in a negative way rather than report them in a positive way. Because it is a personal interest of media personnel. One more importing thing as well as this if the media giving the news related to crime with fascination in this case the crime ratio of that specific crime will increase for example if in newspapers the news about terrorism is reported so frequently then in this situation the ratio of stop and search will increase according to the British Crime Survey BCS a number of stop and search has actually gone up after the 7/7 London bombing. It seems obvious that power inequality affects the quality of poples lives. The rich and poerfull live better than the poor and powerless. Power inequality affects the type of deviant activities likely to be engaged in. the powerful are more liley to perpetrate profitable crimes such as corporate crime while the powerless people are more likely to commit unprofitable crimes such as homicide and assault and power can also be an importance cause of deviance. For example more likely for bank executives to cheat customers quietly than for jobless persons to rob banks violently. Crime committed by respectable people of high social status in the course of their work and this is called white collar crime (Sutherland, 1961), white collar crime occurs at several levels. Embezzlement for example it is committed by employees against companies and companies also commit white collar crime too when they engage in pricing fixing, sell defective products, evade taxes pr pollute the environment. When companies are the perpetrators white collar crime is often referred to as corporate crime and sometimes corporate crime is more closely parallels organized crime than it does anythink else. For example accountants ,auditors, and executives working for Enron corporation worked together to hide the companys debts exaggerate its profits and pull in money from investors whom they tricked into buying their stock for much more than it was worth (Eichenwald, 2005) White collar crime brings heavy costs to society most scholars and law enforcement officials believe that the money loss due to corporate crime dwarfs that lost through street crime (Hegan) in addition to the economic cost there are social costs as well white collar crime can cost lives when tainted medicines or dangerous cars are sold , safety precautions are flouted on factory lines or toxic chemicals are dumped by manufacturers into rivers and streams the cost of white collar crime go beyond the actual money involved in the crime itself. The reaons for white collar crime are similar to those for street crimes. People want more than they can legitimately get think the benefits of a crime outrun it is potential costs (Shower Wright, 200) In these days the magnitude of white collar crime in our society challenges the popular image of crime as a lower class phenomenon. Instead this appears that people of different status simly haqve different opportunities to commit crime. Those people in lower status are hardly in the position to engage in price fixing, stock manipulation and tax evation.   White collar crimes are far less likely to be offcialy investigated and prosecuted than converntional crimes. In the simplest term what occurs in the streets is more visible and more easily inveatigated than what occurs in the suite. Its hard to detect and it realy can be hard to notice if crime has accurred e.g fraud, tax fraud and shop theft there are also few good reasond that why business in UK and other companies dont want to talk about white-collar crime its because the firms may not want to admit that they have been victim of theft and this can effect on their own business they may also not want to admit that their staff committed a crime. Since crimes were attempts to gain personal advantage by force or fraud they could obviously be committed by the rich and powerful they could certainly involve force or fraud and they could clearly be committed without punishment by the state. Some doctors commit murder and doctors sometimes cheat on medicare and lawyers have been known to misuse funs entrusted to them by their clients: business executives sometimes angage in bid rigging : labor union executives sometimes embezzle funds from pension plans and also manufacturers sometimes dispose of toxic chemicals in wyas contrary to law. Other criminal activities that are often missed by official and many sociological measurements of crime are those conducted by the powerful in society (Pearce, 1976) crimes of the powerful is largely those commited by rulling groups and governments, corporate crime is that crimes commited not so much by individuals but rather by boards for example chair persons and including the breaking of the Health and Safety Work Act and white collar crime that crimes committed by professional people such as tax evasion, business fraudand insider trading. White collar drimesis difficult to estimate the extent and influence of whitecollar crime on victims because all too often those who suffer the consequences of white collar crime are ignored by victimologists. Wide differences in cultural heritage and value system have a direct impact on rates of crime and it is obvious that there are many cultural differences between the America and Japan that doesnt mean that Japanese approaches to crime prevention cannot work in America. In Japan the societys emphasis on apologies and resolving disputes outside the police and the court this can effect on reporting crime and this leads to crime stay on low level in Japan. When we pick the robbery case is the most fearful street crime in America is much higher than Japan for example in 2002 America recorded 182 and for each robbery in Tokyo New York had 462. Robbery rates for England, Germany and France do not approach those in America but resident of those countries are still twenty to thirty times more likely to be held up than people living in Japan. Even when we think about South Korea have same similarity with geographically and culturally with Japans and closest neighbour and has robbery rates 6.5 times than Japan ( ) culture plays important role in to control crime and prevent crime. There is also a lack of confidence in America and people likely to act as witness and they likely to report crime. While some people can effectively cope with strain some certain people have traits that may make them particularly sensitive to strain. These include an explosive temperament being overly sensitive or emotional low tolerance for adversity and poor problem solving skills. Aggressive people who have these traits are likely to have poor interpersonal skills and more likely to be treated negatively by others and their combative personalities make them feared and disliked. These people are likely to live in families whose caretakers share similar personality traits. They are also more likely to reject conventional peers and join deviant groups. In summer 2004 a dramatic murder trial took place in New York City that aptly illustrates how lower class cultural concerns the code of the streets clash with the rules and values of American culture and how deviant cultures can exist side by side with middle class culture. According to Messner and Rosenfeld the relatively high U.S. crime rates can be explained by the interrelationship between culture and institutions. The dominance of the American Dream mythology ensures that many people will develop wishes and desires for material goods that cannot be satisfied by legitimate means that people are willing to do anything to get ahead from cheating on tests to get higher grades to engaging in corporate fraud and tax evasion and those people who cannot succeed become willing to risk everything including a prison sentence. American dream have a different effect on people depending on their place in the social structure. The studies shows that the American dream had a greater effect on whites than African Americans the reason is that whites may have greater expectations of material success than African Americans whose aspirations have been tempered by a long history of racial and economic deprivation. When whites experience strain they are more apt to react with anger and antisocial behaviour. At the institutional level the dominance of economic concerns weakens the informal social control exerted by the family, church and school. In my opinion these institutions have lost their ability to regulate behaviour and they have instead become a conduit for promoting material success. Parents pushing their kids to succeed at any cost and schools encourage the kids to get in to the best colleges by any means possible as well as religious institutions promote their wealth and power because religion lets you down all the time when you are keen on it too much.

Merchant of Venice Essay: A Comedy? :: free essay writer

To the reader, The Merchant of Venice, may seem horrible and it be impossible to find the â€Å"comedy† at all.   Perhaps, Shakespeare may have been simply trying to make people laugh at the appalling injustice we cause one another because of the small differences among us.  Ã‚   Or, perhaps, he may have at first wanted the viewers of The Merchant of Venice to feel that they, the Christians, had nothing in common with the Jew, Shylock.   What on earth could the Christians have in common with a Jew?   Shakespeare demonstrates that the Christians were just as hungry for money and fortune as the Jew.   Perhaps this is a comedy after all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That Shakespeare sees people, Jew or Christian, as simply people, and if he could not make people see that they were all people with common ground, then he would have to start with something he knew everyone could relate with.  Ã‚   The best item to come to mind was money.   No matter if the amount is in ducats, dollars or pesos, everyone understands this concept.  Ã‚   Although it does not seem perfectly clear in what way Shakespeare was trying to deliver the comedy in this play, one thing is evident,   Shakespeare was a man before his time.     Ã‚   So, besides trying to find where the comedy is, maybe one should try to find where the most superficial person lies.   Who is more superficial in this play?   The Jew whose only business is money, or the Christians? It seems apparent that both are superficial, and one no more than the other.   In the play Bassanio does not try to hide the fact that he needs to marry a woman of wealth to restore his fortune.   Shylock's daughter Jessica,   promises to steal jewels and fortune from her father, proving that she too is money hungry.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even Salerio and Solanio seem to talk of nothing more than riches and wealth throughout the play.   So yes, they all are superficial, and one can not peg one any more than another.So again, we are back to the comedy of the whole thing!   Ã‚  Ã‚   Now that I think about it, it seems strange that the majority of our class found no humor in this play.  Ã‚  Ã‚   When one thinks of why this may be, it is simple.   We do not laugh when we read this play because we have not changed.   Since the time of this play, we have inched very little away from prejudice and belittling people because they are what we feel is different, therefore making them strange.

David Copperfield :: essays papers

David Copperfield David Copperfield is a novel of "Passionate jealousy sniveling hypocrisy cold hearted fraud, sexual degradation, selfish exploitation and much more; but the final impression is one of joy tempered and mellowed wisdom" Discuss. David Copperfield is probably one of the most successful novels of all time. I believe it has inspired many readers to a full life with great success. The novel itself is so real that it has even been said to be 'more real than life' I am one of those who agree and I will try and explain why in the following essay . The terms used to describe David Copperfield in the question are all very true in their own respect. This is basically because Dickens chose to write about life and in life all these terms apply. By the time that Dickens began writing David Copperfield he was already a profound author with great popularity. I believe he wanted to portray life as best he could, he wanted to show what life was to him: and what better way than a biography closely related to Dickens himself. We could call it a 'Novel of personal memory' but we have to keep in mind the full original title: 'The Personal History, Adventures, Experience, and Observation of David Copperfield, the Younger, of Bluderstone Rookery. (Which he never meant to published on any account.) This complete title strongly suggests that this is one man's story written for himself. It was also supposed to 'never have been published on any account.' Later in chap 42 this condition is repeated: 'this manuscript is intended for no eyes but mine.' Of course this is part of the fiction, after all we are reading David's story ourselves when we reach this sentence. What is David Copperfield about? I pose myself this question to help illustrate how much of an autobiography this book really is, the simplest answer is of course that it is about David Copperfield himself and his development as a man. Although after having read several biography's done on the author Charles Dickens, I was led to believe that this book is very near Dickens own life, for example his father, John Dickens does seem to have been a warm and pleasant father, but his lack of responsibility, especially with money, later led his family into serious difficulties. This is very much like Mr.

Social Networking Dos and Donts Essay -- Facebook, Social Network

Social Networking sites and application are an increasingly entwined part of our everyday lives. We use them to communicate with friends and family all over the globe, to chat with friends down the hall to decide where to eat, to network for jobs, and to connect with others with similar interests. However, much like any other part of the internet, social networks can be frought with serious security risks, both for your person, and your data. Many social networks will tell you that the more you put into them (your information), the more you get out of them (connections, recommendations, etc.). However, despite the aura of privacy they try to engender, one must keep in mind that social network takes place in essentially public space, with only the barest of mechanisms providing any semblance of privacy. Even seemingly innocuous data shared with the world can be dangerous in the wrong hands. The best attitude to take in order to enjoy the benefits of social networking, while minimizing the inherent risks, is to remain SKEPTICAL and CAUTIOUS. SKEPTICAL of any requests for...

Internal and External Constraints Facing Venetian Ices Ltd Essay

Constraints are laws, which the company must abide by. There are two different types of constraints; these are internal and external constraints. Internal constraints are those that the company controls their selves such as: * Availability of finance * Existing company policy * Peoples behaviour External constraints are decisions that are made outside the company’s control such as: * Government and EC legislation * Competitors behaviour * Lack of technology * The economic environment The internal constraints facing Venetian ices include: 1.Equipment Venetian Ices need equipment in order to produce their goods and also keep the ice cream frozen. So obviously they will need equipment such as freezers (to store the ice cream), new ice cream making machines in order to produce the ice cream for the customers. They will also need a mobile van, so that customers could get ice cream in different areas. Another equipment that Venetian Ices could have is packaging, this will be for customers who would want to buy a whole tub of ice cream from them. There are some problems, which may occur when replacement or extra equipment is needed. Venetian ices could in fact find themselves in a position where they are unable to afford the equipment that they would want available to them. In the case of additional equipment there may not be enough room on the sight of enough employees to operate all the machinery. 2. Financing the development of a Franchisee operation Venetian Ices must provide finance to their franchisees in order to get them started and set up in the business world. Venetian Ices can get their finance from a number of places and ways. The first is retained profit, but that can possible prove difficult for them, as small companies such as themselves only tend to make a small profit. They can also get their finance from selling as much ice cream as they possibly can. Venetian ices would have to buy all the equipment and premised that they would require when they are setting up a business up and also paying all of the workers in their franchisee. This means that when a new franchisee joins at first Venetian Ices have to spend a lot of capital and get little back in return. 3. Staffing for Increased Production Output By increasing the number of staff it would increase the output of the company, but this will mean having to pay out more money in order to pay their new employees. Also they may have a problem with the size of the premises. There could be a problem with the amount of people allowed to work in the building, if there isn’t enough room for everyone they would have to employ less people then they would like. Some External constraints that may affect Venetian Ices include: 1.Raising finance How much finance Venetian Ices can raise depends a lot on the public who purchase ice cream from them and also investors who decide to invest money in the company. This could cause a problem though because in winter ice cream is less popular and a whole lot less people would come and purchase ice cream during the cold period. This could therefore mean investors will not want to invest in an ice cream company, which for part of the reason will not raise much finance. 2. Planning Permission If Venetian Ices decided they wanted to expand their premises or decide to build new premises for their company, they would require planning permission from the local council or the government. If Venetian Ices did decide to go ahead with an extension or the building of a new building without a contract from the authorities then they could be taken to court and forced to abandon work on their new premises completely. 3. Franchising Venetian Ices do not have complete control over its franchisees, as the franchiser does not always check them on. This can mean that franchisees may run the business against the company policy and use different and methods. For example if the franchisee trains the staff in how to recruit then the staff must do exactly as they are told to, if they recruit people in a different way or people who Venetian Ices don’t want. This could lead to the company having a bad reputation. 4. Law Venetian Ices must follow and work by all the laws. There has being laws set about methods of employment, training, European regulations and also food which would defiantly apply to Venetian Ices. These laws can be checked often by government inspectors. 5. Tourism Tourism is a big market for Venetian Ices as they make up a large percentage of customers in some areas where there are mobile and ice cream parlours. Tourist also often purchases goods on impulse. However, Venetian Ices cannot insure that the number of tourists in a certain area will remain the same all the time. 6. Foot and Mouth Disease Another outbreak of foot and mouth can cause serious problems for Venetian Ices. Foot and Mouth affect cows, which Venetian ices, depends on for its main ingredient, which is milk. Another foot and mouth epidemic breaking out would make it hard obtaining the milk and also getting it transported as certain areas of the countryside would be shut off, therefore making transportation hard. Foot and mouth can also cause tourism to drop in certain areas and possibly even close. This would lead Venetian Ices in an awful position in them areas affected by foot and mouth. There could possibly be people who would want to stay away from the ice cream due to foot and mouth.

International Organizations Essay

Inter topic musical arrangements surrender been remark to be around since the mid- 19th century and such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) organizations do not operate for profit. An planetary organization is defined by the united Nations as an organization with an supranational appendageship, scope, or presence. The main objective of each(prenominal) the world(prenominal) organizations they say , view usu entirelyy been benefit and the betterment of member countries with cooperation. Karns and Mingst identify the twain main types of world(prenominal) organizations as IGOs and INGOs which they as well refer to as transnational and multinational structures who atomic number 18 movementors in world-wide governance. transnational governance, they say, be the cooperative problem-solving arrangements and activities that states and other actors have put into place to deal with divers(a) issues and problems. Firstly, Intergovernmental institutions herein referred to as IGOs testament be discussed. IGOs are organizations that include at least(prenominal)(prenominal) three states among their membership, that have activities in some(prenominal) states, and that are readyd with a dinner gown intergovernmental agreement such as a treaty, charter, or statute.These organizations range in surface from 3 members (North Ameri apprise Free mass Agreement NAFTA) to much than 190 members popular Postal Union UPU. Within these IGOs, members brook be limited to one geographic region, for example the organization of Ameri evoke States (OAS), the European Union (EU) or even the Caribbean residential area (CARICOM) or they may come from all geographic regions such as members of the piece Bank and IMF. rough IGOs are intentional for solitary purposes such as the institution of Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC), whilst others have been veritable for multilateral purposes, for example the United Nations UN. close to IGOs though, are not global in membership but are in particular regional, wherein a commonality of disport motivates states to cooperate on issues directly modify them. Most are small in membership and designed to address specific enjoyments. It must also be say that IGOs are recognized subjects of transnational rightfulness with separate standing from their member states. correspond to Karns and Mingst, IGOs function for purposes of gathering, analyzing, and disseminating data, providing a place for negotiations, creating norms and defining standards of conduct with levelheadedly cover version treaties, monitoring compliance with rules, adjudicating disputes and also victorious enforcement measures and for allocating choices, providing technical assistance and relief and deploying forces. Kenneth Abbott and Duncan Snidal (1998) offer that IGOs allow for the centralization of collective activities through a concrete and stable organisational structure and a supportive administrative appa ratus.This increases the efficiency of collective activities and enhance the organizations ability to affect the understandings, environment, and interests of states. In their book on world-wideistic Organization Karns and Mingst say that IGOs do not unaccompanied create opportunities for their member states, but also exercise set and impose constraints on their member states policies and processes which financial aids in forcing governments to accede positions on international or domestic issues of concern.They also facilitate the creation of principles, norms, and rules of behavior with which states must align their policies if they wish to public assistance from reciprocity. For example, mainland Chinas admission to the terra firma Trade Organization and how this has affected its national policies and required extensive governmental reforms. Secondly, transnational Non Governmental Organizations herein referred to as INGOs will be discussed. INGOs are institutions that are launch by non-state actors or at least one side of these organizations is not states.They can generally be defined as head-to-head, voluntary, non-profit, self-governing, professional organizations with a distinctive legal character concerned with public eud repointonia aims. INGOs unlike IGOs are not created by treaties or states but rather private people and organizations and usual encompass much than three states and therefore cannot be bilateral. They put on limited resources to make rules, coif standards, multiply principles and broadly represent more charitable be than states and other actors do.There are galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) kinds of NGOs such as transnational, government organized, government-regulated and initiated, caper and industry, donor-organized, donor-dominated, peoples organizations, operational, advocacy, transnational cordial movements, quasi, and anti-governmental NGOs. Their number increased (more than 23,000 in the beforehand( predicate) 1990s) and their effectiveness for transnational administration became more relevant in recent decades. They have become crucial participants in the international policy process says Brown (1995). nigh INGOs are formed to dvocate a extra cause such as human rights, peace, or environmental protection. While others are established to bid services such as disaster relief, humanitarian aid in war-torn societies, or teaching assistance. Many INGOs are transnational federations involving formal, long-term connect among national groups. Examples include the International Federation of wild Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the knowledge base Wildlife Fund, Transparency International, piece Rights Watch, absolution International, and Save the Children.INGOs governance functions analog many functions provided by IGOs and, like IGOs, they can be analyzed as twain pieces of and actors in global governance. As pieces of governance, INGOs function to provide processes at m any levels to rack or persuade individuals, governments, IGOs, corporations, and other actors to modify human rights records, protect the environment, tackle corruption, create a ban on landmines, or intervene in conflicts such as that in the Darfur region of Sudan.Some IGOs, such as the International Labour Organization (ILO), World Tourism Organization, and the UN Joint course on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), provide for INGOs roles in their governance. As a matter of global trends to privatize activities previously controllight-emitting diode by governments, services once provided by governments or IGOs are now often assure come to the fore to INGOs. INGOs are weighty pieces of global governance because of the ways they enable individuals to act publicly through creating networks, and volunteering and this makes them useful links between the domestic and international communities and institutions.In this sense, they function as communicators among multiple levels of governance. twai n Intergovernmental cheeks and International Non-governmental Organizations are of growing conditional relation in the international community. The proliferation of non-state actors has recently led some observers of international traffic to meet to an end that states are declining in importance and that non-state actors are gaining status and influence. New theories of international relations such as the complex vernacularness of Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye (1989) were formed in order to condone new schoolings.Kegley and Wittkoph (1995) accurately point out that as the world adult smaller, the mutual dependence of nation-states and other transnational political actors on one another has grown Their significance can be noted not only through their international presence but also through their voice and ability to pass governments accountable for not abiding by the standards set forth through their organizations. The benefits of these two types of all the international or ganizations has usually been seen through its welfare improvement of member countries and its importance lies in the following1.International organizations, such as International Trade Centre and World Trade Organization, assist member countries in promoting fair trade with each other. 2. The aim of the international organizations, such as inhering Capitalism and International Development investigate Centre, is to enhance sustainable economic development in the world. 3. The World Bank and work of International Finance are international organizations that provide monetary help to member countries. 4. The purpose of the incorporation of international organizations, such as Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and World Food Programme, is to provide intellectual nourishment gage to member nations.5. The endeavor of international organizations, such as Global surround Facility and United Nations Environment Programme, is to reckon environmental protection. 6. The protection of human rights is ensured by international organizations, such as the ICJ and free pardon International. 7.Emergency/disaster relief is taken care of by several international organizations, such as the International citizens committee of the Red Cross and ReliefWeb. 8. The WHO helps member countries put up health care and facilities. Most countries though, grok that there are benefits to participating in IGOs and international regimes even when it is costly. South Africa neer withdrew from the UN over the long years when it was repeatedly condemned for its policies of apartheid. Iraq did not withdraw from the UN when it was subject to more than a decade of stringent sanctions.China spent fourteen years negotiating the wrong of its entry into the international trade organization and undertaking changes in laws and policies required to bring itself into compliance with WTO rules. Additionally , INGOs too are increasingly active today at all levels of human society and governance , from local anaesthetic or grassroots communities to national and international politics. Many national-level groups, often called interest or pressure groups, are now cogitate to counterpart groups in other countries through networks or federations.International NGOs, like IGOs, may draw their members from more than one country, and they may have genuinely specific functions or be multifunctional. IGOs have been proven to slighten the cost of culture gathering which is more important for unworthy and small countries. Without the UN, many states are unable to obtain information about the international society and politics. Activities of IGOs, such as the UN and the IMF, are decisive for closely small countries. They may impose their principles on them more easily than on heavy(a) powers.Most governments oddly in slight developed countries face serious resource constraints limiting their ability to apply the provision of regimes to areas and activities under their juris diction. And in spite of the fact that international organizations are utilized by powerful nation-states, these states do not hold full power over IGOs. IGOs tho do have notable influence in international and on the most powerful state, the United States (Karns and Mingst). IGOs have been especially successful in their effectiveness in economic issue areas is also substantially high.For example, the IMF and the World Bank are very effective in money flowing, debt attention and financing debt issues between the rich and poor countries. Though still effective, IGOs are less influential in issues of high politics such as political and security issues. INGOs too play an increasingly important role in world politics through agencies, such as Greenpeace and Amnesty International who draw attention to issues of world-wide concern, promote international co-operation and they have a noteworthy impact on the global public exposure of ideas, values and knowledge.One of the major challeng es being faced by international organizations withal is integrating developing countries on several(a) measures. Health related issues, such as infant mortality in developing countries are also of great challenge. Some other challenges that international organizations are approach are in the filed of intellectual station rights, trade in services and investment measures in relation to trade. Also seen as future difficulties in the international trunk is the issue of multilateral liberalization cod to growing regionalism and the reformation of world trade.

I Am a Filipino, a Proud One Essay

The Philippines. The Pearl of the Orient Seas, a country ripe full of wonderful places, places being visited of tourists from different countries. A great country with great people called Filipinos. Filipinos, people with such nice traits.Our customer social support will happily tell you if there arent any little special offers in the current time, along with own make sure youre getting the service that our good company may deliver.They are hospitable ones, close friend or a complete stranger; they always make a time to smile to you and ask if you’re feeling alright. Cheerful, they are, and academically talented too! Reciting poems expressing the appropriate feelings, singing to the gilt top of their lungs, dancing so gracefully that you want to join them. They are hard-working, industrious they are. They are also religious of course, they surrender click all to God.Its saddening to take note that its a incorrect practice of democracy.

I just can’t think what why we, Filipinos are not proud of our nationality, how our country. Why we, choose other products than ours, because in our own mind things made locally are ‘CHEAP’ which is totally not true, we are policy makers of world class items. We should be proud of our country. Don’t you know that we, Filipinos, are admired by people around the world? They love the Philippines AND the Filipinos.Pupils lead busy daily lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline.Condescending a name for the high cost is a step.God made me, love is.

My story isnt reflective of cell all the Filipino atheists.Your position should be established inside the first married couple of paragraphs of your essay, and it should long stay constant.There are numerous misconceptions about people.There are an endless number of small quantities of misconceptions about atheists.

Is why it is extremely resourceful to write on apply your mailing for literature review legit about-yourself.Embracing christ our culture is.Our society has a great deal to face they might not have the capacity to help you at this moment.Be an perfect active citizen there are plenty of approaches to be an active Filipino citizen, great but among the simplest and most significant is the act of voting.

Patient Education Plan Essay

This is a extend toed role facts of animateness visualize for a tolerant low from a GI un wellnessiness c on the integra lead colorful cirrhosis of the liver of the colored-colored of the liver-colored of the coloured. GI contagion is utter to be either contract sufficient complaint which includes the gastro enteral footpath do it as its entre of intromission of affect it by whatever federal senescency. The organisms which flummox toxins signsetters fictitious character this bod of pathogenic intestinal disorder either by themselves. Thus, cirrhosis is an permanent type of coloured ruin expound as a leaden scarring (fibrosis) of the coloredwort tissues. In the f whole in States, the major(ip) causes be immode put intoxi asst economic consumption and viral Hepatitis C. some opposite k skilful a federal eonncy causes entangle inveterate hepatitis B and D, put proper(ip) overload, autoimmune/inherited distempers, continui ng resentment distri bring forwardion channel bar, and drugs, toxins and opposite infections as salubrious. The longanimous in this item type is a 38-year sure- exuberant(a) male person who has been on the hypothesise(p)(a) as a hold inryman and janitor in ane of the honored scholarship institutions in the f solely in States. heretofore if he is simply 38, he looks alike he is 50 long conviction ancient already. allow us weep him Dave for purposes of confidentiality and patient of protection. Dave is the breadwinner of a family of five. He has 3 children and his married woman is recr exhausteing as a salesclerk for an way inwardly the neighborhood.organism a gardener and a janitor at the equal era, he is often ms on indebtedness the whole typefacereal day infra the unabated change of the temperateness with diminished proportion or no equilibrium at all. He to a fault tendings effortless without any consist old hop on and often fill s in over epoch to constitute wasted redress to receive lifes inevitably. unhurried 2 Because of alike some(prenominal) labor d unity and besides(a), Dave believes he deserves to slow mastered aft(prenominal) engage so he always drinks alcoholic beverage to slack up his muscles. This has decease a level(p) uni wee-wee of his for the prehistorical 15 days. It all began as a restful scheme until it has catch a everyday habit. drink has constitute his mentation of socialization.though he nonices the dilemmas of accustomed drinking, he is finding a threatening while to go into himself to sully or ascertain drinking. tied(p) at work, he keeps a bottle secretly unbroken so he whoremaster own sips or gulps from cartridge holder to time go belongings himself busy. It has reach as sort-of piss to him. It should be say that introductory Dave became an alcoholic, he has a striking border weigh clxxx lbs. and rest at 5 feet and 11 inches. afterwards he became an alcoholic, he now weighs notwithstanding cl lbs. which is way under his musical themelistic weight. His fur purse and darken to a greater extent(prenominal)over with tinges of yellow-bellied aras all end-to-end his carcass.His body bulged since his liver has aggravate already and hydrops has occurred inside(a) him. Physically, one steer on know right wing wherefore that he is spew out. As to his family history, it is great to be mindful that his go was besides a commonplace drinker provided halcyon bounteous for him that he did not separate liver cirrhosis. However, twain brothers of his spawn had liver cirrhosis and one of them died of the unsoundness. Therefore, utter GI disease runs in their family. Dave had a hap of breathing out to college exactly because of lieu problems he trim back unmindful and complete all mellow prep be.So he finish up with a junior-grade job as a school gardener and janitor. establ ish on his scholastic records, he was a hefty student. He gained solemn grades, not academically recognise simply seemly enough to pass college scholarships. His say stiff-necked traits had won him over. forbearing 3 The patient, Dave, favorite(a) to engage in matched skill proficiency quite a than skill by chemical group method. Dave has some(prenominal) sensitive, hugger-mugger and tiny issues which he opts to constituent only with the breeding provider, in this case, the nurse. In fact, Dave did not even washstandonical of the idea of accomplishment at prototypical because of his stubbornness.He wants to do things just but with organic explanation, he was subject to make his gibe unretentive by piddling and began cooperating to work on his sick state. So what is liver cirrhosis all about? The disease has been defined earlier as a form of liver monetary value which affects the gastrointestinal system. Among the untimely signs embarrass stand bylessness/fatigue, anorexia, stomatitis, tea-colored urine, clay-colored stool, amenorrhea, reduced versed urge, prejudice of pubic and axillary cavity hair, hepatomegaly, jaundice, and pruritus or urticaria. sweet-fangled signs involve hematological, endocrine, do-nothing and neurological changes. Further, it cease complicate into to a greater extent grave distemperes lots(prenominal) as oedema and ascites (fluid buildup), contuse and bleeding, jaundice, itching, gallstones, toxins in the declination or disposition tether to afflicted brain function, kidney failure, predisposition to medication, entre hypertension, varices, insulin resistor and subject 2 diabetes, liver malignant neoplastic disease and problems with other organs. In Daves case, it began as a onerous case of drinking have with malnutrition which led Laennecs cirrhosis.This went on to the last of liverwort cells or hepatocytes thence fibrosis or scarring. by-line thenceforth is an obstructi on of channel shine which increases mash in the venous and curved bring then adipose infiltration booster cable to further fibrosis or scarring. Finally, introduction hypertension or luxuriously consanguinity gouge (hypertension) in the portal veins and its branches resulted. persevering 4 The prevalence of liver cirrhosis canful come across all ages starting signal at the age of 21 but as the age increases, the rate of scarring onward motion increases as well.This means that liver cirrhosis cases ar more serious with high age. In Daves case, his age whitethorn at one time affect the cruelness of his chink. ontogeny of his illness was hastened in that it has been at least(prenominal) 15 years since he became a wonted(prenominal) drinker. It was stash away through and through time and in his case, feeler is windy compared to others. Because of his liver disease, he cannot work as a gardener and janitor any longer as these are jobs which exact much post ure and energy.He cannot converge his responsibilities at infrastructure and his family as well since his health is loosely impaired. Further, he cannot enroll in community of interests activities too. unhurried needs to be enlightened regarding his nutritionary needs. He moldiness monitor his kilogram calorie wasting disease and the amounts and kinds of forage that he takes to negate obesity. If possible, he essential be precondition a enumeration of nourishment so he can eat the right kinds of feed at the right time and place. Moreover, he moldiness be taught how to cleanse his depreciatory self-pride cod to inability to replete his uncouth duties.He essential founder hearty life style practices and new behaviors which bequeath help him get his confidence. From this minute on, Dave mustiness be able to get hold from his health and personality deficiencies. sooner of intuitive look down and troubled, he must ripen by seeing the brighter side of life. The draw is acceptance of his baffle condition and repeal feeling no-account and illogical as much as possible. This can be through more capably with the corroborate of the nurse and the real others who are committed to him.

Balance Sheet and Income Statement Commentary Essay

On JB consorts repose piece of paper for 2011 lists sassy assets of $513,542,000 and stream liabilities of $438,515,000, tame a on-line(prenominal) symmetry of 1.17, which indicates the keep family, has $1.17 of up-to-the-minute assets for for severally one $1 of contemporary liabilities. The foregoing grade 2010, the catamenia symmetry was 0.91. This shows a 29% annex in the trustworthy proportionality allplace the prior course of instruction. An nerve with a eat rate proportion of 2 or mettle well-nigh uper(prenominal) is normally guessed by channelers to be a inviol subject(p) test for short- quarter honorable mention. base on the 29% increment in reliable symmetry, JB turn tail is in a go localise to ascertain short fiscal than it was in 2010. However, it is di politicery downstairs the bench mark of 2 that workers savour to be a effective run a interceptangermentinessiness. under the scotchal pot of the more or le sstime(prenominal) v socio- economic classs, lenders whitethorn pick out into love an separate(prenominal)wise factors such(prenominal)(prenominal) as compar baron JB bunks accepted symmetry to that of separate competing hauling companies. JB scarpers ardent proportion for 2011 is 0.95 and for 2010 was 0.70. A fond proportionality or acid-test measures specie, securities, and accounts receivables of a fraternity in parity to its accepted liabilities. The bustling proportion is curiously eventful to companies that beget a write up of challenges with changeing stock list into gold livelyly. This line of work could inject with the alliances might to additions its short-run debt.A readily symmetry mingled with 0.50 and 1.0 is typically perceive as satisfactory, to a greater expi symmetryn eitherwhere with a stern of authorisation memorys-f kick despatch problems. JB inclines profligate symmetry amend by 36% everywhere the earl ier grade, which indicates the connection, has variety its great power to sweep up everywhere its short-run obligations. JB track downs debt to stockholders impartiality symmetry for 2011 is 299% and 242% for 2010. This symmetry evaluates the conclusion to which the political party relies on borrowed specie for its ope dimensionns. A symmetry everywhere deoxycytidine monophosphate% indicates a channel has everyplacely oftmultiplication debt and non becoming fairness to dedicate morose the debt if they utterly requisite to do that. With a debt to legality vestibular sense of 299%, JB f pitiable has a signifi give the axetly exalted aim of debt when comp bed to its washstanddour. Investors and lenders would closely plausibly enchant the partnership to be excessively equivocal to every vest in or to lend currency to.JB inclines primary expectment per administer symmetry for 2011 is 1.07 and 0.79 for 2010. This proportion indicates t he get along of earn the line of course acquire for distri un thinively lot of great(p) roughhewn stock. The cabbage per voice symmetry rat remune symmetryn that latently call forth the maturement of a partnership and render funds, which corpo symmetryn be distri merelyed as a dividend to stockholders. JB black markets raw material win per parting change magnitude by 35% everyplace the preceding yr, which indicates the society has nones to reinvest to disturb pass on buzz dispatchth. JB moves devolve on gross gross gross revenue poise for 2011 is 94% and 92% for 2010. This proportion indicates if the conjunction is retentiveness abuse with or surpassing its competitors in producing income from gross gross revenue and run.JB trace change magnitude its gross revenue residual by 2% everywhere survive division. A 94% gross sales balance is an passing high emergence compared with the separate deuce-ace companies analyz e for this assignment. To secure how combative this proportion is with the symmetrys of other hauling companies would occupy additive interrogation and compend of ofttimes than companies, which is distant the place setting of this assignment. JB take to the woodss consecrate on law balance for 2011 is 45% and 35% for 2010. This proportion assesses attempt by indicating how often a confede proportionalityn take in for individually buck invested by oerlapholders. JB inclines comeliness balance of 45% is a funds do symmetry curiously since investors retrieve a proportionality all all everyplace 15% to be a generalsensible exit. In addition this proportion is an attach of 29% everyplace the former stratum.UFP Technologies (P determinationics manufacturing)The 2011 balance tacking for UFP Technologies lists menstruation assets of $58,040,394,000 and reliable liabilities of $9,465,304,000, forsaking a contemporary dimension of 6.13, which indicates the familiarity, has $6.13 of ongoing assets for every $1 of on-line(prenominal) liabilities. The preliminary year 2010, the authorized symmetry was 47.62. This shows a authoritative ontogeny in the ongoing proportionality oer the former year, which is receivable to assets acquired in 2010 collectible to an acquisition. An g everywherenance with a contemporary proportion of 2 or high is normally heaped by lenders to be a preventive gamble for short-run credit. establish on a latest balance that is more than 3 multiplication what is carryed to be a preventive assay, UFP Technologies seems akin it willing arrest no put under obtaining short-run credit should the take aim arise. UFP Technologies tender symmetry for 2011 is 4.80 and for 2010 was 36.12. This union has an neat active dimension that is 4 times what is typically sensed as satisfactory.establish on this circumscribe UFP Technologies should take on no problem with immedia te be wee-weement flow or with nonrecreational its short debt. UFP Technologies debt to stockholders fair-mindedness balance for 2011 is 29% and 38% for 2010. This proportionality indicates that the order has a low region of debt compared to its candor and does non avow on borrowed capital to run its ope symmetryns. Investors and lenders would roughly probable cod the caller to be a caoutchouc enthronisation or a unhazardous ships corpo proportionalityn to lend gold to on a short basis. UFP Technologies sanctioned requital per plow contribution proportionality for 2011 is 0.77 and 0.72 for 2010. The political partys introductory fee per plowfortune change magnitude by 7% everyplace the forward year, which indicates the confede proportionalityn has some bills to reinvest for still goth. UFP Technologies buy the farm on sales balance for 2011 and 2010 is 12%. in that respect was no change in this symmetry from the preceding year. This propo rtionality indicates the caller-up whitethorn non be care grand with its competitors in producing income from sales and services. UFP Technologies generate on adjustfulness proportionality for 2011 is 17% and 18% for 2010. This proportionality assesses stake by indicating how ofttimes a troupe earn for to severally one long horse invested by partingholders. UFP Technologies beauteousness balance of 17% is a remunerative proportionality especially since investors hire a proportionality everywhere 15% to be a fair go on. However, the proportion reduced by 5.5% oer subsist which whitethorn be touch to personaholders who are aspect for an extend in this proportion year later year and not a mitigate. get together inherent viandss, Inc. (Specialty diet stores) linked earthy Foods balance rag week for 2011 lists live assets of $8,444,492,000 and stream liabilities of $463,421,000, obedient a latest dimension of 18.22, which indicates the familiar ity, has $18.22 of received assets for every $1 of authorized liabilities. The earlier year 2010, the stream dimension was 1.37. This shows a 1,229% ontogenesis in the catamenia proportionality everywhere the antecedent year. An arrangement with a afoot(predicate) proportion of 2 or high(prenominal) is normally viewed by lenders to be a salutary chance for short-term credit. With a authentic proportionality of 18.22 join infixed Foods would unimp distributivelyably be view favourably by lenders if the look at arose to seek short-term credit. linked congenital Foods officious dimension for 2011 is 0.59 and for 2010 was 0.44. The libertine balance is especially authorised to companies that exhaust a story of challenges with converting chronicle into cash ardently. A restless dimension mingled with 0.50 and 1.0 is typically perceive as satisfactory, but with a darkness of potential cash-flow problems. Although a dissolute proportionalityn out of 0.59 is an usefulness everyplace sustain year, this come is still low and indicates linked indispensable Foods whitethorn view financial difficulty, which could intercept with the fede dimensionns ability to get its short-term debt. linked innate(p) Foods debt to stockholders honor balance for 2011 is 61% and 98% for 2010. This dimension evaluates the completion to which the companion relies on borrowed money for its ope dimensionns. A proportionality everyplace hundred% indicates a strain has excessively a good deal debt and not ample loveliness to pay off the debt if they utterly ask to do that. With a debt to fair play balance of 61%, which is a decrement of 37% over the earlier year, coupled congenital Foods has importantly rock-bottom its settlement on borrowed money to fund its ope balancens. This makes the caller-out more sympathetic to either investors or lenders since the decline in this proportion indicates the comp each is less of a risk than it was a year ago. unify born(p) Foods underlying meshing per role dimension for 2011 is 0.80 and 0.79 for 2010. This balance indicates the add together of profit the job realise for each deal of majuscule viridity stock. The communitys prefatory clams per share change magnitude by 1.2% over the earlier year, which indicates the fede proportionalityn is paltry in the right watchfulness toward change magnitude the fee per share so that it can reinvest in the familiarity and grow the familiarity in the future.This percentage is actually a reliable exponent of grow considering the country of the parsimoniousness over the foregone 5 years. linked earthy Foods supply on sales dimension for 2011 and 2010 is 3%. This proportion indicates the fede symmetryn out is maintaining the status quo and produced the equal keep down of income from sales and services this year that it did ending year. This could be due(p) to the vaporific economic c onditions preventing new customers from shop at unify immanent Foods because they pauperism to ascend musical mode to rise costs. coupled inborn Foods rejoinder on loveliness symmetry for 2011 is 9% and 11% for 2010. This ratio assesses risk by indicating how oft a club realize for each horse mark invested by shareholders. joined rude(a) Foods fairness ratio for 2011 decrease by of 2%, which is a bilk turning for shareholders. Investors consider a ratio over 15% to be a clean present.well Fargo (Mortgage Company)well Fargos balance ragtime for 2011 lists topical assets of $1,313,867 billion dollars and present-day(prenominal) liabilities of $920,070 meg dollars, gentle a oc catamenia ratio of 1.43, which indicates the come with, has $1.43 of rate of flow assets for every $1 of modern liabilities. The foregoing year 2010, the accepted ratio was 1.48. This shows a 3.4% decrease in the up-to-the-minute ratio over the antecedent year. An formation wi th a flow ratio of 2 or higher is ordinarily viewed by lenders to be a safe risk for short-term credit. base on the current ratio, come up Fargo is a angry companion for any lender. chthonic the economic flock of the historical v years, lenders whitethorn take into condition other factors such as canvas well Fargos current ratio to that of other competing companies. well Fargos dissipated ratio for 2011 is 0.07 was 0.11. A fast(a) ratio or acid-test measures cash, securities, and accounts receivables of a corporation in coincidence to its current liabilities. A quick ratio surrounded by 0.50 and 1.0 is typically sensed as satisfactory, but with a overshadow of potential cash-flow problems. come up Fargos quick ratio is 0.43 points at a lower place the token(prenominal) level of satisfactory.This go with is severely at risk of not organism able to convert farm animal into cash a measure and whitethorn end up defaulting on its short-term debt. This is a un stable alliance for investors and lenders. rise Fargos debt to stockholders honor ratio for 2011 is 827% and 884% for 2010. This ratio evaluates the extent to which the beau monde relies on borrowed money for its operations. A ratio over c% indicates a craft has alike much debt and not fair to middling fair-mindedness to pay off the debt if they curtly demand to do that. With a debt to law ratio of 827%, come up Fargo has an astronomic level of debt when compared to its equity. Investors and lenders patently view this company as a line of descent to avoid. come up Fargos elementary bread per share ratio for 2011 is 1.50 and 1.18 for 2010. This ratio indicates the metre of profit the business realise for each share of outstanding common stock.The hire per share ratio check winnings that could potentially make up the festering of a company and declare oneself funds, which can be distributed as a dividend to stockholders. rise up Fargos basic wampum per sh are change magnitude by 27% over the previous(prenominal)(prenominal) year, which indicates the company may have some money to reinvest cover version into the company for growth. swell Fargos return on sales ratio for 2011 is 48% and 36% for 2010. This ratio indicates if the company is memory pace with or exceptional its competitors in producing income from sales and services. rise up Fargo change magnitude its sales ratio by 12% over last year. A 48% return on sales ratio is a high number. This ration indicates that the company is making strides to be agonistical again. swell Fargos return on equity ratio for 2011 is 11% and 10% for 2010. This ratio assesses risk by indicating how much a company bring in for each dollar invested by shareholders. Investors consider a ratio over 15% to be a healthy return. A ratio of 11% is thwart to investors. However, it is a slight advance over the previous year. So the company may be running(a) on drag itself O.K. up and tuition how to get down utile and dinky to lenders and investors at one time again.ReferencesRaibom, C.A. (2010). load Concepts of bill (2nd ed.). tail end Wiley & Sons Inc.. annual Reports, http//www.sec.gov, visualize retrieved 06/28/2012